임진왜란기 청도 의병진의 조직과 활동 -悌友堂 朴經傳 의병진을 중심으로- (The Volunteer Corps Movement in Choeng-Do(淸道) during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 - Focusing on the Corps of Je-U-Dang(悌友堂) Kyoung-Jeon Park-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 경주사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 경주사학 / 36호 / 47 ~ 114페이지
· 저자명 : 박순진

초록

본고는 경상도 의병의 한 축을 담당하였던 경상좌도 청도 의병진의 조직과 활동을 살펴 경상도 의병연구를 충실히 하고, 청도 의병이 壬辰倭亂史에서 갖는 의의를 고찰해 보려는 것이다.
청도 의병은 14의사가 중심이 된 밀양박씨 일가문의 총체적 궐기로서의 특색을 띠고 있으며, 조정과 관군의 활동이 불가능했던 암담한 시기에 경상좌도에서 가장 먼저 창의하였다.
청도 의병의 핵심을 이루는 14의사 및 주요 참모진들은 대부분 무관이거나 무예와 병법에 상당한 식견을 지닌 인사들로서 의병부대의 용병에 있어 탁월한 능력을 발휘하였다. 그런 利點으로 인하여 임란초기의 파죽지세의 왜군을 맞아 연이은 승리를 거둘 수 있었던 것이다.
또한 德將으로서의 박경전은 탁월한 군사적 식견과 넓은 도량으로 관군과 의병의 연합을 자발적으로 이루어 냄으로써 의병의 戰鬪力을 획기적으로 增强시켜 적과의 전투를 승리로 이끌었다. 특히 자인의 최문병 의병진과 연합하여 치른 두곡 전투, 선암구 전투, 동곡 전투를 비롯한 전후 60여 회의 전투에서 거둔 청도 의병진의 전투성과는 점령왜군의 배후를 공격하여 왜적의 등 뒤에서 화살을 겨냥하는 역할을 담당함으로써 그 후에 전개된 영천성 및 경주성 탈환전의 초석이 되었다.
따라서 청도 의병은 단순히 폐쇄적 독자노선을 걸어간 소규모의 향병에 불과한 것이 아니라 2～3개월 후에 전개된 영천성과 경주성 탈환작전의 기폭제의 기능을 하였다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 청도 의병의 활동이 임진왜란사에서 갖는 의의는 경상좌도 연합의병군의 선구적 역할을 한 것이라고 규정지을 수 있을 것이다.

영어초록

The aim of this paper is to examine the activities of the volunteer corps(義兵) in Choeng-Do, a southeastern city of Cho-Sun(朝鮮), which uprose under the leadership of Kyoung-Jeon Park(朴慶傳) in the early stage of the Japanese invasion. At the beginning of the war, the Gyeong-Sang left district(慶尙左道) was attacked and badly destroyed by Japanese army. So Kyoung-Jeon Park in Choeng-Do raised an army for the first time in this region not only for the protection of their families and villages, but also the dynasty and Country.
Kyoung-Jeon Park, the commander of the volunteer corps, is from the Milang(密陽) Parks family which represented a Sarim(士林) group of Gyeong-Sang left district in 16th century. He with other 13 family members (later they were honored as 14 righteous persons) raised an army with 100 persons by April in 1592 and donated entire fortune to the corps. In a month they gathered 3,000 volunteers and fought against Japanese army in the local area, because the government troops fled at the sight of Japanese enemy.
They had difficulties of food supplies and reinforcement. Against all difficulties that can collapse the morale of the volunteer armies, the commander group tried to achieve economic self sufficiency. The commander Park and 13 corps leader were former man of learning, but they were well acquainted with martial arts and tactics. So they launched a guerilla war and won consecutive victories.
Above all, it is worthy of notice that the corps in Choeng-Do tried to make relationship with the government troops, which came back from the desertion in the early stage of the war. It is evident that volunteer corps in the whole country had an ambivalent relationship with the government troops, because sometimes they came into conflict with each other. But the commander Park tried to unite with the magistrate of the city, Bae Ung Kyoung(裵應褧). He offered medals for his distinguished military service to other civil servants, government troops, and volunteers. He thought only of the protection of Country and its dynasty.
In addition, he did not restricted military operation in Choeng-Do and took part in a battle in neighborhood area with another volunteer troops together. The corps built a united front with the troops under Choi Mun Byoung(崔文柄) in Ja-In(慈仁). Especially successful were the combined operations in Du-Gok(杜谷), Sun-Am-Gu(仙巖口), and Dong-Gok(東谷), where they attacked the major Japanese force in the rear. The corps launched later more than 60 times military operations independently.
But their movement were not properly estimated, especially because the corps have not been precisely studied. Although they carried out a great role for national defense in the power vacuum stage of the war, they were regarded as a small local troop, which acted independently only near around Choeng-Do. But it is now clear that the corps built a united front with another troops and participated even in the battle in Young-Cheon(永川) and Kyoung -Ju(慶州). As a result, what is evident is that the volunteer corps successful battles contributed to establish a defense system in the Gyeong-Sang left district near Dae-Gu(大邱), Milang(密陽) etc. and block the Japanese armies, which tried to move to their assembly place in Young-Cheon and Kyoung-Ju.

참고자료

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