예수 그리스도가 하나님의 서술어인가? ─디도서 2:13의 번역 문제─ (Is Jesus Christ the Predication of God?: The Korean Bible Translation of Titus 2:13)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : (재)대한성서공회 성경번역연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 성경원문연구 / 41호 / 160 ~ 178페이지
· 저자명 : 김영인

초록

Titus 2:13 causes a significant discussion about the translation as popular versions of the English Bible show the disagreement (NIV, NAS/RSV, KJV etc.). This phenomenon can also be found in the Korean Bible translations. The key issue of the translation is whether Titus 2:13 calls Jesus “God”. So the question that arises is whether the two titles “God” and “Savior” (θεός and σωτῆρος) refer to one person, Jesus Christ (the Son) or to two persons (the Father and the Son). Possibly, the occurrence of this issue is due to the fact that in order to understand the verse, it is necessary to have profound comprehension about the complexity of the origin Greek syntax externally and also about the (Pauline) Christology of early Christianity internally.
In the case of the complexity of the Greek Syntax, we should focus on the two καί in the middle of the sentence. Especially the second καί plays an important role which connects the two titles θεός and σωτήρ. But the difficulties here are to distinguish whether these two titles are tied together only to Christ or whether they are used separately for God and Christ respectively. Unlike what is often mentioned here, I do not think the Granville Sharp Rule (The-Substantive-καί- Substantive) applies strictly. I therefore also see here that the second καί has the function not as an appositional but as an equivalent conjunction. In the case of the title interchange between God and Christ, it is often overestimated in the discussion regarding Christ’s divine nature. Certainly the σωτήρ’s use of God-Christ interchange is widely and frequently recognized. The application of salvation can be the predication of Christ as well as the Father. But for the usage of the title θεός in the phenomenon appears very limitedly and carefully. That is an evidence that it is difficult to clearly and explicitly designate Jesus Christ as θεός.
Beginning with Ross’s first complete translation of the New Testament 『예수셩교젼셔』(1887), early Korean Bible versions have been influenced by English translations like the Revised Version (RV) and the King James Version (KJV). According to the translation tradition of these versions, Titus 2:13 in early versions of the Korean Bible has been translated, in terms of content, into the two-persons phrase. Though the process of translating and revising, the text has been modified according to the specificity of the Korean language such as spacing words and especially omitting the second καί. In this regard, the New Korean Revised Version (1998) which is the official Bible in Korea for liturgy that has inherited this tradition of Korean Bible translation seems to simply give a list of majestic titles. In the next revision of this Bible, it is necessary to clarify the grammatical relationship and the theological position.

영어초록

Titus 2:13 causes a significant discussion about the translation as popular versions of the English Bible show the disagreement (NIV, NAS/RSV, KJV etc.). This phenomenon can also be found in the Korean Bible translations. The key issue of the translation is whether Titus 2:13 calls Jesus “God”. So the question that arises is whether the two titles “God” and “Savior” (θεός and σωτῆρος) refer to one person, Jesus Christ (the Son) or to two persons (the Father and the Son). Possibly, the occurrence of this issue is due to the fact that in order to understand the verse, it is necessary to have profound comprehension about the complexity of the origin Greek syntax externally and also about the (Pauline) Christology of early Christianity internally.
In the case of the complexity of the Greek Syntax, we should focus on the two καί in the middle of the sentence. Especially the second καί plays an important role which connects the two titles θεός and σωτήρ. But the difficulties here are to distinguish whether these two titles are tied together only to Christ or whether they are used separately for God and Christ respectively. Unlike what is often mentioned here, I do not think the Granville Sharp Rule (The-Substantive-καί- Substantive) applies strictly. I therefore also see here that the second καί has the function not as an appositional but as an equivalent conjunction. In the case of the title interchange between God and Christ, it is often overestimated in the discussion regarding Christ’s divine nature. Certainly the σωτήρ’s use of God-Christ interchange is widely and frequently recognized. The application of salvation can be the predication of Christ as well as the Father. But for the usage of the title θεός in the phenomenon appears very limitedly and carefully. That is an evidence that it is difficult to clearly and explicitly designate Jesus Christ as θεός.
Beginning with Ross’s first complete translation of the New Testament 『예수셩교젼셔』(1887), early Korean Bible versions have been influenced by English translations like the Revised Version (RV) and the King James Version (KJV). According to the translation tradition of these versions, Titus 2:13 in early versions of the Korean Bible has been translated, in terms of content, into the two-persons phrase. Though the process of translating and revising, the text has been modified according to the specificity of the Korean language such as spacing words and especially omitting the second καί. In this regard, the New Korean Revised Version (1998) which is the official Bible in Korea for liturgy that has inherited this tradition of Korean Bible translation seems to simply give a list of majestic titles. In the next revision of this Bible, it is necessary to clarify the grammatical relationship and the theological position.

참고자료

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