<나의 가슴을 운디드 니에 묻어주오>에 나타난 아메리카 인디언의 강요된 동화 (Native American’s Forced Assimilation in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국영미문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 영미문화 / 13권 / 2호 / 27 ~ 50페이지
· 저자명 : 노헌균

초록

The film director Yves Simoneau deals with Native American’s forced assimilation into white American culture in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee(2007) in the time period from 1876 to 1890. The assimilation had been processed “through laws, persuasion, education and force.” A politician like Senator Henry Dawes made a special law, the Dawes Allotment Act, to distribute the communally held Indian territory into parcels of 160 acres to each Indian household. An educator like Richard Pratt founded Indian boarding schools to brainwash young Indians to transform them into ordinary American citizens. A philanthropy organization named Friends of the Indians financially supported several selected Indian elites including Charles Alexander Eastman to raise them as future leaders in Indian communities. The assimilationists put their ideas on the same basis, social Darwinism specified in Lewis Henry Morgan’s Ancient Society. Morgan maintains that even the lowest levels of human races can reach the highest level of civilization once they are exposed to “appropriate” circumstances. Senator Dawes, Richard Pratt, and Friends of the Indians believed that white capitalism, Christianity, and Westernized education are the “appropriate” ones severely needed to civilize the savage Indians. The film focuses on how Charles Alexander Eastman, whose Sioux name is Ohiyesa, reacts to the programs the assimilationists provided. On the one hand, Eastman is regretful of his own transformation saying “I should’ve jumped off the train” taking him from Indian reservation to Boston. On the other, he is eager to help Bureau of the Indian Affairs to assign Christian names to Indians. That is why Native American critic David Brumble gives him a dual identity of “romantic racialist and social Darwinist.”

영어초록

The film director Yves Simoneau deals with Native American’s forced assimilation into white American culture in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee(2007) in the time period from 1876 to 1890. The assimilation had been processed “through laws, persuasion, education and force.” A politician like Senator Henry Dawes made a special law, the Dawes Allotment Act, to distribute the communally held Indian territory into parcels of 160 acres to each Indian household. An educator like Richard Pratt founded Indian boarding schools to brainwash young Indians to transform them into ordinary American citizens. A philanthropy organization named Friends of the Indians financially supported several selected Indian elites including Charles Alexander Eastman to raise them as future leaders in Indian communities. The assimilationists put their ideas on the same basis, social Darwinism specified in Lewis Henry Morgan’s Ancient Society. Morgan maintains that even the lowest levels of human races can reach the highest level of civilization once they are exposed to “appropriate” circumstances. Senator Dawes, Richard Pratt, and Friends of the Indians believed that white capitalism, Christianity, and Westernized education are the “appropriate” ones severely needed to civilize the savage Indians. The film focuses on how Charles Alexander Eastman, whose Sioux name is Ohiyesa, reacts to the programs the assimilationists provided. On the one hand, Eastman is regretful of his own transformation saying “I should’ve jumped off the train” taking him from Indian reservation to Boston. On the other, he is eager to help Bureau of the Indian Affairs to assign Christian names to Indians. That is why Native American critic David Brumble gives him a dual identity of “romantic racialist and social Darwinist.”

참고자료

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