재일한인 디아스포라 이주와 집거지 형성 비교 연구 －올드커머와 뉴커머를 중심으로－ (A Comparative Study on the Diaspora of the Korean Japanese and Their Places of Residence: with priority given to old comers and the new comers)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한정치학회
· 수록지 정보 : 대한정치학회보 / 20권 / 2호 / 165 ~ 202페이지
· 저자명 : 지충남

초록

이 연구는 재일한인 디아스포라를 대표하는 올드커머와 뉴커머의 이주, 에스닉(ethnic) 커뮤니티인 집거지 형성과정을 비교하는데 있다. 올드커머의 역사는 억압, 착취, 차별과 박해의 표본이다. 일제의 수탈로 인한 농촌경제의 붕괴, 전쟁동원을 위한 강제징용과 징집은 올드커머로 하여금 자발적･강제적 이주를 유발하였다. 뉴커머는 경제, 교육, 결혼 등을 목적으로 한 자발적 이주자이다. 이들의 배출과 흡입요인은 경제적, 군사적, 지리적 요인이 복합적으로 작용한 결과이며, 특히 올드커머의 이주는 일제의 근대화 및 식민지 지배라는 시대적 상황과 밀접한 상관성을 갖고 있었다.
재일한인의 집거지 형성과 관련하여 올드커머와 뉴커머의 집거지 특성은 생활 및 민족공동체 역할을 수행하고 있었다. 올드커머와 뉴커머는 대도시 및 그 주변에 정주하고 있으며, 니이가타현의 경우 뉴커머 결혼여성이 많은 것으로 나타났었다. 올드커머의 주거환경은 하천부지, 쓰레기매립지, 저습지로 그 형태는 판잣집, 움막, 폐창고 등 매우 열악한 구조였지만, 뉴커머는 주택, 아파트, 연립, 합숙소 등에서 기거하고 있었다. 이들이 집거지를 형성할 수 있었던 핵심요인은 취업, 학업, 숙식, 교통의 편리성, 낮은 일본어 활용도, 정보습득의 용이성 등이었다. 올드커머 세대의 감소는 주거 영역의 축소, 뉴커머의 영역은 한류, 지속적인 뉴커머의 유입 등으로 확대 추세에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 재일한인의 대표적 집거지는 신주쿠 오쿠보, 신오쿠보, 그리고 오사카 이쿠노구에 조성된 코리아타운이다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study was to compare the immigration of old comers and new comers into Japan, namely the diaspora of the Korean Japanese, and the formation of the places of their residence, namely ethnic communities. The history of old comers can be regarded as a typical example of suppression, exploitation, discrimination and persecution. The voluntary or forced immigration of the old comers into Japan took place due to the collapse of rural economy triggered by the exploitation of Japan, forced drafting and conscription. The new comers were voluntary immigrants who went to Japan for several reasons such as economy, education or marriage. Their emigration from Korean and immigration into Japan took place because of the combination of complex factors involving economic, military and geographic ones. Specifically, the immigration of the old comers was closely linked to their contemporary circumstances that the nation was under Japanese occupation.
As for the formation of the places of residence among the Korean Japanese, the characteristics of the places of residence of the old comers were that they were racial communities of living, and the places of residence of the new comers were communities of living. The old and new comers dwelled in large urban areas and adjacent regions, and there were lots of married female new comers in Nigata. Regarding the housing environments of the old comers, their residences were around riverbeds, landfills and low, swampy places, and their houses were board-framed houses, dugouts or deserted warehouses. Thus, the housing environments of the old comers were very harsh, but the new comers resided in residential buildings, apartments, multifamily houses or boarding houses. The core elements that made them dwell in those areas were employment, studies, loading and boarding, traffic convenience and convenient information acquisition, and another element was that they didn't have to speak a lot of Japanese in those regions. The old-comer generation was on the wane, which was followed by a reduction in their places of residence. And the sphere of the new comers was expanded due to the Korean wave and the sustained inflow of new comers.

참고자료

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