2012년도 종교법 판례의 동향 (The Analysis of Precedents on the Religious Cases in the Year of 2012)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 종교문화비평학회
· 수록지 정보 : 종교문화비평 / 23권 / 23호 / 215 ~ 265페이지
· 저자명 : 민경식

초록

유권적 사법기관이 각종 사회문제에 대하여 내린 법적 판단인 판례는 그 당시의 시대상을 비춰주는 거울의 역할을 한다. 종교법판례는 한 국가에 있어 정치와 종교의 관계나 종교계가 처한 상황 등을 이해하는 데 유용한 수단이 될 수 있다. 지난 2012년에도 우리나라에서는 다종다양한 종교 관련 문제들이 제기되었고, 그 중 일부는 종교단체 내부의 치리기관에 의하여 처리되기도 하고, 또 다른 일부는 헌법재판소와 법원 등 국가 사법기관의 재판에 회부되어 판결을 받았거나 심리 중에 있다. 이 글에서는 2012년도 종교법판례를 통하여 지난해를 되짚어 보고자 한다.
이를 위해 먼저 종교와 법 전반에 걸쳐 지난해를 회고함에 있어 의미를 부여할 만한 사실들을 들어 보고자 한다. 첫째, 김 신 대법관에 대한 국회 인사청문 과정을 통하여, 종교사건을 다루는 법관의 기본 자세 내지 철학에 대하여 성찰하는 기회를 가졌다. 둘째, 한국기독교화해중재원(이하 화해중재원)이 법원연계분쟁해결기관으로 선정되는 등 법원 밖에서 종교분쟁을 조정하기 위한 기구가 확충되었다. 셋째, 2012년은 주요 국가에서 대통령선거나 총선거가 실시되었던 해로서, 세계적으로 과거에 법적 논쟁의 대상이 되었거나 장래 그 대상이 될 여지가 있는 종교 관련 문제들에 대하여 법정 밖 정치마당에서 열 띤 논쟁이 있었다. 넷째 2012년은 이단 혹은 사이비라는 용어가 종교계에서 널리 사용되었던 것으로 기억된다.
본문에서는 2012년도 한 해 동안에 나온 다수의 종교 관련 판결 중에서 중요하다고 판단되는 20 여개를 선정하여, 이를 공법과 사법 영역으로 나누어 각 판결마다 사건의 개요, 판결의 요지 및 그 의의 등에 관하여 소개하고자 한다. 그리고 마지막으로 2012년도 종교법판례의 전반적 동향을 정리 평가하면서 앞으로의 전망을 모색하고자 한다.

영어초록

As legal decisions made by authoritative judicial agencies against various social problems, judicial precedents play the role of a mirror that reflects the phases of the times. And precedents for religious law cases can be a useful means of understanding the relationship between politics and religion, or contemporary situations of religious circles in a country. In 2012, a variety of religious issues came to the fore domestically, and some of them were settled down by internal agencies of religious organizations and some were brought to trial to national judicial agencies, such as the Constitutional Court and courts, thus being settled down or still pending in court. This study tried to retrospect on the past year via precedents for religious law cases in 2012.
For this, significant incidents occurred in religions and religious laws were generally presented as follows. First, via National Assembly’s confirmation hearing of justice Kim Sin, a member of the Supreme Court, an opportunity to reflect on the basic standpoint or philosophy of a judge who would deal with religious cases was presented. Second, organizations to settle down religious disputes outside courthouse were expanded, such as the designation of the Korea Christian Conciliation and Arbitration Institute (KCCI) as a court-connected dispute settlement agency. Third, the year of As legal decisions made by authoritative judicial agencies against various social problems, judicial precedents play the role of a mirror that reflects the phases of the times. And precedents for religious law cases can be a useful means of understanding the relationship between politics and religion, or contemporary situations of religious circles in a country. In 2012, a variety of religious issues came to the fore domestically, and some of them were settled down by internal agencies of religious organizations and some were brought to trial to national judicial agencies, such as the Constitutional Court and courts, thus being settled down or still pending in court. This study tried to retrospect on the past year via precedents for religious law cases in 2012.
For this, significant incidents occurred in religions and religious laws were generally presented as follows. First, via National Assembly’s confirmation hearing of justice Kim Sin, a member of the Supreme Court, an opportunity to reflect on the basic standpoint or philosophy of a judge who would deal with religious cases was presented. Second, organizations to settle down religious disputes outside courthouse were expanded, such as the designation of the Korea Christian Conciliation and Arbitration Institute (KCCI) as a court-connected dispute settlement agency. Third, the year of 2012 was remarkable with major countries’ presidential election or general election, and therefore heated arguments on religious issues, which had been the subjects of legal disputes in the past worldwide or would be such subjects in the future, took place not in the court but in the ground of politics. Fourth, such terminologies as heresy or pseudo-religion seemed to be widely used in the religious circles in 2012.
In the main subject, 20 rulings, which seemed to be important, were selected from many religion-related decisions in 2012, and then they were classified into the area of public law and the area of private law, thus introducing the outlines of cases and the important points and significance of decisions. And finally, the general trend of precedents of religious law cases in 2012 was summarized and assessed and its prospect was groped after.

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