DEA/Entropy 결합모형의 활용을 통한 시장형 공기업 평가제도 개선 (The Improvement of Evaluation System for Market-typed Public Enterprises using Combination of Shannon’s Entropy and DEA)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한경영학회
· 수록지 정보 : 대한경영학회지 / 28권 / 12호 / 3131 ~ 3153페이지
· 저자명 : 심광식, 김재윤

초록

공공기관은 정부의 출연․출자 또는 정부의 재정지원 등으로 설립․운영되는 기관으로서 공공기관의 운영에 관한 법률 제4조 1항 각호의 요건에 해당하여 기획재정부장관이 지정한 기관을 의미한다. 공기업의 장점으로 인해 많은 국가들이나 지방자치단체들이 공기업의 설치, 운영에 대해 매우 적극적인 움직임을 보이고 있는 반면, 공기업이 가지고 있는 단점들을 보완하기 위한 대안모색 또한 매우 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 그 중 대표적인 것으로, 공기업의 비능률과 비효율성을 평가하는 방법의 도입과 활용이 있다. 현재 시행되고 있는 공기업의 경영실적 평가방법은 해당 연도 경영실적에 대하여 리더십․전략, 경영시스템, 경영성과등 3개 범주로 구분하여 서면심사 및 현장 실사를 실시한다. 이러한 경영평가가 공기업 운영의 효율성을 도모하는 등 소기의 성과를 가져왔다고 할 수 있지만, 다른 한편으로는 경영평가 자체가 가지고 있는 문제점과 한계로 인해 경영평가 결과에 대한 수용성 및 신뢰성의 문제가 종종 제기되고 있다. 주요한 원인으로 경영평가지표를 적절히 평가하는 방법이 불합리하다거나, 각 지표들에 대해서 설정된 가중치가 적절하지 않다는 점 등이 지적되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있는 공기업 평가방법을 제안하고자 한다. 비모수적 접근방법으로 상대적 효율성을 측정하는 자료포락분석(Data Envelopment Analysis: DEA)을 활용하여 시장형 공기업 14개를 대상으로 다양한 DEA 모형의 효율성 결과 값들을 도출한다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 14개 공기업의 2011년부터 2013년까지 3개년의 경영 공시자료로서 DEA 분석을 위한 투입변수로 사업비, 자산총계, 임직원수를 선정하며, 산출변수로는 매출액을 선정한다. 또한 다양한 DEA 모형의 효율성 값에 합리적인 방법으로 가중치를 설정할 수 있는 DEA/Entropy 결합모형을 이용한다. 이러한 방법은 공기업에 대해 보다 객관적인 효율성 값을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

영어초록

The definition of public institution stands for an organization established and managed by the government with financial support or investment under supervision from Strategy and Finance Minister following Act Clause 4, Article 1. In accordance with the law, a total number of public institutions in Korea is 304: 30 public enterprises, 87 semi-government institutions, and other 187 public institutions. This paper deals with public enterprise among many diverse forms of public institutions.
While many countries and/or local governments are trying to manage and install public enterprises for its benefits, the process of resolving operational negative elements are also being suggested in various methods. It is typical example that the evaluation of inefficiency and ineffectiveness are used. The current method of evaluating public enterprise’s management performance is to judge by current year’s written review and inspection at the actual field under three categories: leadership and strategy, management system, and management result.
This management evaluation can be said to bring small portion of positive effects in regards to the efficiency of management in public enterprises. However, the reliability and acceptance of evaluation results are brought up due to the limitations and drawbacks what the evaluation method originally has. On of the main reason is that the method of evaluating management performance index is irrational and predetermined weight in each lacks suitability.
To resolve the shortcomings of public enterprise’s management performance evaluation method, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used as the proper research methodology. DEA is a nonparametric method in operations research and economics for the estimation of production frontiers. It is used to empirically measure productive efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs). Although DEA has a strong link to production theory in economics, the tool is also used for benchmarking in operations management, where a set of measures is selected to benchmark the performance of manufacturing and service operations.
Despite the traditional DEA model has good effects to be used, it lacks in following weakness. First of all, discrimination between Decision Making Units (DMUs) that has already been determined according to the analytical result of effectiveness cannot be judged. In addition, CCR and BCC models neglect choice of input and output of variability calculation by not having weighted value or having minimal weighted value to maximize the value of objective function.
To settle this sort of problem occurred by the traditional DEA models, a model to calculate final efficiency value for each DMU was proposed by considering all efficiency values from various DEA models. Typically, a model combining DEA and Entropy was designed. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the efficiency of public enterprises in the point of domestic market type utilizing a model composed of DEA and Shannon’s Entropy model. For that purpose, disclosed business data (from 2011 to 2013) of 14 designated public enterprises under the standard of 2014 market type was used. In regards to the efficiency analysis result of combined model of DEA/Entropy, following public enterprises have been found to perform stable efficient rates without the difference between elapsed years: Incheon International Airport Corporation, Korea Gas Corporation, Korea Southern Power Corporation Ltd, and Korea National Oil Corporation. Incheon Port Authority, Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Corporation Ltd and other enterprises were found with low efficiency.
Although, however, these results are from relative difference of efficiency. Just because high efficiency looks prominent does not mean it can provide absolute efficiency of optimal scale to public enterprises. For that reason, profound analysis is required how the results of DEA analysis can be implied. Furthermore, after collecting more data of public enterprises, implication of suggesting further research is needed after performing comparative analysis from the results of actual management performance assessment and DEA efficiency analysis result.

참고자료

· 없음