식민지기 公的空間의 등장과 公會堂 (The Advent of the Public Sphere and the Gonghoidang in Colonial Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 대동문화연구 / 69호 / 261 ~ 307페이지
· 저자명 : 황병주

초록

공회당은 ‘식민지 근대’의 대표적 공적 공간으로 등장했다. 다양하고 복합적인 기능을 통해 공회당은 중요한 사회형식이 되었으며 결국 사회형성의 유력한 매개였다.
공회당이라는 사회형식은 특정한 주체형성과 관련되었다. 훈육과 규율화는 공회당의 중요한 측면이었으며 사적 개인 또는 야만적 존재의 공적 주체화와 문명-문화화가 추구되는 공간이었다. 식민지 대중들은 ‘공’의 가치에 입각한 이러한 장소성 체험과 공간경험을 통해 근대적 규율을 체득하게 되었다.
식민권력은 공회당의 가장 두드러진 주체였다. 식민자들은 공회당을 통해 자신들의 지배를 근대의 기술적 측면의 발전으로 정당화하고자 했다. 식민권력의 기술의근대는 피식민자들의 문화행위와 연루되었고 ‘식민지 근대 문화’는 식민-피식민 관계의 기묘한 동상이몽 속에서 전개되었다. 공회당은 또한 다양한 균열과 갈등이 시현되는 공간이었다. 먼저 식민지적 균열이 있었고 엘리트와 대중, 문명과 야만, 낙후한 조선과 문명화된 세계가 교차하는 곳이었다.

영어초록

Gonghoidang(Public Hall) was appeared as a typical public sphere in 'Colonial Modernity' during the colonial period of Korea. It was a multi-purpose space in which commemorations of various kinds were held such as everyday rituals, cultural events, socio-political rallies and etc.
Through these functions, it began to be settled as a important social form in colonial Korea. Especially, it was a symbol of representation of the totality. As it were, Gonghoidang was a analogy of society which was assumed as not the simple collection of individual but the whole that individual was arranged as a part of it. Thus, it was a influential mediation space of the social formation.
Gonghoidang, as a social form, was related with the formation of subject. One of the main aspect of it was discipline and it was a space in which individual or uncivilized person had to be public or civilized. The mass of colonial Korea had to learn modern discipline through the experience of placeness in Gonghoidang. Generally speaking, it seemed that modern society was based on the principle of individual freedom. But if that principle was pursued extremely by the people in society, there would be no stable society in the world. It was, therefore, indispensable to reterritorialize individual. In this process, Gong(public), meant the whole, played a leading role.
The Japanese colonial power was an outstanding subject in Gonghoidang.
The colonizer intended to represent their capacity to rule and develop colonial Korea. It was the tower of Buminkwan(Citizen Hall) that the modernity of technology made by the colonizer was represented. It had to be intermingled with the cultural practice of the colonized. The modern culture of colonial Korea was formed in the negotiation between the colonized and the colonizer. And the Gonghoidang was it's spatial stage.
There were, however, so many conflicts and chasms in Gonghoidang. One of them was a contradiction between the colonized and the colonizer. That conflicts were represented through various events which were held in Gonghoidang. Secondly, it was a crosssng between esene inteween ual and mass, civilization and barbarism, advanced world and degenerated Korea.
The masses who were ism, advancespectator or audience should listen and seeancesppectacle of modernity performed by the colonizer and elite intellectuals. At last, inviting the masses as a quest into the Gonhoidang, master of it was a real subject of modern world.

참고자료

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