대학 여자운동선수들의 고강도 훈련이 유산소능력, 골밀도와 혈중철분지표에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Intensive Exercise Training on Aerobic Capacity, Bone Mineral Density and Hematological Parameters in Female Collegiate Athletes)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사회체육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국사회체육학회지 / 30권 / 547 ~ 558페이지
· 저자명 : 송종국, 김현배, 채주희

초록

The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences of aerobic capacity, bone mineral density and hematological parameters for collegiate female athletes. The sample of the study consisted of 44 collegiate female athletes (13 for field hockey, 12 for soccer, and 19 for taekwondo). Each subject was currently training for competition. Body composition parameters and bone mineral density were measured by DXA (Hologic, QDR-4500, USA). Physical fitness tests included flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit and reach, grip strength, sit-ups, long distance jump, bent arm hang, 50m shuttle run and multi-stage shuttle. Maximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption during incremental treadmill exercise by a Bruce protocol. Blood samples were drawn in the morning after a 12-h fast and were spun at 3000rpm for 5min. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were analyzed by automated instrumentation. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity were determined by auto-analyzer and transferrin saturation was calculated by dividing serum iron concentration by TIBC. All statistical analysis were carried out by the SAS computer programs. Means and standard deviations for all variables were calculated by descriptive statistics. Comparison between groups was analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA and Duncan's a posteriori tests. The significance level was accepted at p<0.05. The results showed that significant difference(F=3.75, p<0.03) for percent body fat between groups. Taekwondo(TKD) athletes has significant lower percent body fat (21.5%) than field hockey athletes (24.4%). For physical fitness parameters soccer athletes had the lowest value for flamingo balance than those of two groups. Also soccer athletes performed best for sit & reach (25.1cm), and bent arm hang (16.7sec) compared to other two groups. Significant differences could be observed for HRmax (p<0.001) and O2max (p<0.05) between groups. Soccer athletes (199.3, 48.6ml) had higher HRmax and O2max than those of two groups (170.7 taekwondo, and 176.8 field hockey). Significant difference were found for bone mineral density taken at the sites of lumbar spine (p<0.05), forearm (p<0.001), proximal femur (p<0.001) and whole body (p<0.001) among groups. In general, significantly higher mean values of bone density at the site of lumbar spine(0.94g/cm2), forearm (0.55g/cm2), proximal femur (1.04g/cm2), and whole body (1.14g/cm2) were found for TKD　athletes compared to control group (0.79g/cm2, 0.46g/cm2, 0.84g/cm2, 0.99g/cm2). Although no significant difference could be obtained for most hematological parameters, only significant difference (p<0.001) were found for MCV and MCH. In conclusion, significant difference between collegiate female athletes were found for physique, percent body fat, physical fitness, aerobic capacity. Soccer athletes had a lower percent body fat and better performance for balance, flexibility and muscular endurance and higher HRmax and VO2max than those of other groups. In conclusion, taekwondo training has a positive effect on physical fitness and bone mineral density in male adolescents. Further study is needed to estimate the effect of long term TKD training on body composition based on exercise intensity, and duration of training.

영어초록

The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences of aerobic capacity, bone mineral density and hematological parameters for collegiate female athletes. The sample of the study consisted of 44 collegiate female athletes (13 for field hockey, 12 for soccer, and 19 for taekwondo). Each subject was currently training for competition. Body composition parameters and bone mineral density were measured by DXA (Hologic, QDR-4500, USA). Physical fitness tests included flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit and reach, grip strength, sit-ups, long distance jump, bent arm hang, 50m shuttle run and multi-stage shuttle. Maximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption during incremental treadmill exercise by a Bruce protocol. Blood samples were drawn in the morning after a 12-h fast and were spun at 3000rpm for 5min. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were analyzed by automated instrumentation. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity were determined by auto-analyzer and transferrin saturation was calculated by dividing serum iron concentration by TIBC. All statistical analysis were carried out by the SAS computer programs. Means and standard deviations for all variables were calculated by descriptive statistics. Comparison between groups was analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA and Duncan's a posteriori tests. The significance level was accepted at p<0.05. The results showed that significant difference(F=3.75, p<0.03) for percent body fat between groups. Taekwondo(TKD) athletes has significant lower percent body fat (21.5%) than field hockey athletes (24.4%). For physical fitness parameters soccer athletes had the lowest value for flamingo balance than those of two groups. Also soccer athletes performed best for sit & reach (25.1cm), and bent arm hang (16.7sec) compared to other two groups. Significant differences could be observed for HRmax (p<0.001) and O2max (p<0.05) between groups. Soccer athletes (199.3, 48.6ml) had higher HRmax and O2max than those of two groups (170.7 taekwondo, and 176.8 field hockey). Significant difference were found for bone mineral density taken at the sites of lumbar spine (p<0.05), forearm (p<0.001), proximal femur (p<0.001) and whole body (p<0.001) among groups. In general, significantly higher mean values of bone density at the site of lumbar spine(0.94g/cm2), forearm (0.55g/cm2), proximal femur (1.04g/cm2), and whole body (1.14g/cm2) were found for TKD　athletes compared to control group (0.79g/cm2, 0.46g/cm2, 0.84g/cm2, 0.99g/cm2). Although no significant difference could be obtained for most hematological parameters, only significant difference (p<0.001) were found for MCV and MCH. In conclusion, significant difference between collegiate female athletes were found for physique, percent body fat, physical fitness, aerobic capacity. Soccer athletes had a lower percent body fat and better performance for balance, flexibility and muscular endurance and higher HRmax and VO2max than those of other groups. In conclusion, taekwondo training has a positive effect on physical fitness and bone mineral density in male adolescents. Further study is needed to estimate the effect of long term TKD training on body composition based on exercise intensity, and duration of training.

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