6~7세기 신라(新羅)의 보살계(菩薩戒) 수용과 확산 (Introduction of "Bosal-gye"(Bodhisattva precepts, 菩薩戒) to Shilla in the 6th-7th centuries, and its spreading)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 114호 / 23 ~ 61페이지
· 저자명 : 김희연

초록

Weon’gwang(圓光) and Jajang(慈藏) were Shilla Buddhist monks who played a pivotal role in introducing and also spreading “Bosal-gye” (Bodhisattva Precepts [Commandments]) throughout the Shilla society. While his study in China, Weon’gwang experienced the “Sugye” practice (ceremony of Buddhist confirmation) of Bosal-gye, which had been inherited from the Southern dynasties era [Namjo, 南朝], and witnessed the Joemchal Buddhist gathering (“Jeomchal Beobhwe”) himself that was quite popular in China as well. After returning to Shilla, Weon’gwang relayed Sesok Ogye(世俗五戒, “Five Instructions for Secular life”), a variation of Bosal-gye, to his disciples Gwisan and Chuhang. Weon’gwang also held a Jeomchal gathering, during which repentance and ‘Bosal-gye Suji’ were emphasized. The influence of Weon’gwang’s teaching at the capital was also felt in many local places, as can be seen from an early 7th century case in which Jamtakbu and his colleagues declared themselves as disciples studying Bosal-gye at the ‘Mae Buddha Complex’ near the Shinseon-sa Monastery of the Danseon-san mountain, and from the record of Jaseo Sugye (瑞相受戒) left by Jajang, who was a member of the Jin’gol class of the time.
Jajang, who received the Bosal-gye precepts during his study in China as well, also experienced the Sugye tradition of China during that time. Upon his return to Shilla, he lectured 『Bosal-gyebon(菩薩戒本)』 at the Hwang’ryong-sa monastery, during which he was also able to display inexplicably mystic performances(“異蹟”) and surprised the audience(“四衆”). Later on, many people came to wish receiving Gye from him and become students of the Buddha, which signals a significant expansion of Bosal-gye Suji in Shilla, compared to earlier times when it was only recently introduced to Shilla.
It should be remembered that both of these monks were all connected to the so-called “Middle-Ancient” period royal family of Shilla, which also represented a type of “‘Dynasty’s security’-conscious” Buddhism. Equally noteworthy is the fact that most of the people who received Bosal-gye was from the upper social classes. It is highly possible that Bosal-gye was received so fondly and turned out to be quite popular in Shilla not only because the monks were able to inspire the general public so effectively, but also because there was an urgent need for the social class at the top of social hierarchy to bring certain level of unity to the entire country.

영어초록

Weon’gwang(圓光) and Jajang(慈藏) were Shilla Buddhist monks who played a pivotal role in introducing and also spreading “Bosal-gye” (Bodhisattva Precepts [Commandments]) throughout the Shilla society. While his study in China, Weon’gwang experienced the “Sugye” practice (ceremony of Buddhist confirmation) of Bosal-gye, which had been inherited from the Southern dynasties era [Namjo, 南朝], and witnessed the Joemchal Buddhist gathering (“Jeomchal Beobhwe”) himself that was quite popular in China as well. After returning to Shilla, Weon’gwang relayed Sesok Ogye(世俗五戒, “Five Instructions for Secular life”), a variation of Bosal-gye, to his disciples Gwisan and Chuhang. Weon’gwang also held a Jeomchal gathering, during which repentance and ‘Bosal-gye Suji’ were emphasized. The influence of Weon’gwang’s teaching at the capital was also felt in many local places, as can be seen from an early 7th century case in which Jamtakbu and his colleagues declared themselves as disciples studying Bosal-gye at the ‘Mae Buddha Complex’ near the Shinseon-sa Monastery of the Danseon-san mountain, and from the record of Jaseo Sugye (瑞相受戒) left by Jajang, who was a member of the Jin’gol class of the time.
Jajang, who received the Bosal-gye precepts during his study in China as well, also experienced the Sugye tradition of China during that time. Upon his return to Shilla, he lectured 『Bosal-gyebon(菩薩戒本)』 at the Hwang’ryong-sa monastery, during which he was also able to display inexplicably mystic performances(“異蹟”) and surprised the audience(“四衆”). Later on, many people came to wish receiving Gye from him and become students of the Buddha, which signals a significant expansion of Bosal-gye Suji in Shilla, compared to earlier times when it was only recently introduced to Shilla.
It should be remembered that both of these monks were all connected to the so-called “Middle-Ancient” period royal family of Shilla, which also represented a type of “‘Dynasty’s security’-conscious” Buddhism. Equally noteworthy is the fact that most of the people who received Bosal-gye was from the upper social classes. It is highly possible that Bosal-gye was received so fondly and turned out to be quite popular in Shilla not only because the monks were able to inspire the general public so effectively, but also because there was an urgent need for the social class at the top of social hierarchy to bring certain level of unity to the entire country.

참고자료

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