한국농촌주민의 의례와 종교생활의 변화: 경기도 평택시 S마을을 중심으로 (Changes of Rites and Religion in a Korean Rural Community: Focused on S Village in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi Province)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울대학교 비교문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 비교문화연구 / 20권 / 1호 / 191 ~ 225페이지
· 저자명 : 김주희

초록

This paper tries to trace changes for the past three decades of rites and religion among villagers of S village located in Pyeongtaek,Gyeonggi Province. Special attention was paid to funeral rites,ancestor worship ceremonies, and shamanic rituals. Twenty village women aged from 40s to 80s were in-depth interviewed to elicit the information on ritual behaviors of funeral rites and ancestor worship ceremonies and attitudes toward shamanism. The data was compared with the circumstances of 1977-78. Noticeable changes in the lives of the villagers for the last three decades are related to their economic activities outside of the village.
Funeral rites are now commercialized and are not held any more in the village. Ancestor worship ceremonies are simplified in terms of the number of ancestors worshiped and kinship members participating in. These changes contest the drastic decrease of communal consciousness not only in the level of the community but of the kin group as well. Elements responsible for these changes are directly brought by farming mechanization which has greatly reduced the farming energy, thereby enabling both men and women with spare labor to easily engage themselves in wage earning jobs provided by the industrial and tourist facilities newly developed nearby. They are more than ready to follow the recent national trend of handiness in rites of passage such as funeral and ancestor worship.
The most surprising finding in recent religious lives of villagers is the disappearance of the shamanic ritual, gut, which used to be very popular among them during 1970s. Some of those who were passionate shamanism believers discarded it, while many of them converted to Buddhism. Only two out of 40 households keep visiting shamans. The number of Christians have not changed. It is the finding of the paper that villagers' attitudes toward shamanism can be understood only when ups and downs of the particular life course of each villager are fully considered. It is the conclusion of the paper that changes in rites of passage and religious lives among villagers should be interpreted with different perspectives.

영어초록

This paper tries to trace changes for the past three decades of rites and religion among villagers of S village located in Pyeongtaek,Gyeonggi Province. Special attention was paid to funeral rites,ancestor worship ceremonies, and shamanic rituals. Twenty village women aged from 40s to 80s were in-depth interviewed to elicit the information on ritual behaviors of funeral rites and ancestor worship ceremonies and attitudes toward shamanism. The data was compared with the circumstances of 1977-78. Noticeable changes in the lives of the villagers for the last three decades are related to their economic activities outside of the village.
Funeral rites are now commercialized and are not held any more in the village. Ancestor worship ceremonies are simplified in terms of the number of ancestors worshiped and kinship members participating in. These changes contest the drastic decrease of communal consciousness not only in the level of the community but of the kin group as well. Elements responsible for these changes are directly brought by farming mechanization which has greatly reduced the farming energy, thereby enabling both men and women with spare labor to easily engage themselves in wage earning jobs provided by the industrial and tourist facilities newly developed nearby. They are more than ready to follow the recent national trend of handiness in rites of passage such as funeral and ancestor worship.
The most surprising finding in recent religious lives of villagers is the disappearance of the shamanic ritual, gut, which used to be very popular among them during 1970s. Some of those who were passionate shamanism believers discarded it, while many of them converted to Buddhism. Only two out of 40 households keep visiting shamans. The number of Christians have not changed. It is the finding of the paper that villagers' attitudes toward shamanism can be understood only when ups and downs of the particular life course of each villager are fully considered. It is the conclusion of the paper that changes in rites of passage and religious lives among villagers should be interpreted with different perspectives.

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