빠알리어에서 격(格)의 의미론적 이해를 위한 kāraka 분석의 중요성 (The Importance of the Analysis of Kāraka for the Semantic Comprehension of Cases in Pāli)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 인도철학회
· 수록지 정보 : 인도철학 / 49호 / 253 ~ 288페이지
· 저자명 : 김서리

초록

본 연구의 목적은 빠알리어에서 격의 의미론적 이해를 위한 kāraka(문장 속 행위에 대한 명사의 관계) 분석의 중요성을 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위해서 빠알리어 전통문법서인 『깟짜야나 문법』과 『삿다니띠』의 문법규칙을 바탕으로 6종의 kāraka와 sāmi의 정의와 유형을 상세히 밝히고, 각 kāraka에 대한 격어미의 배정도 제시한다.
빠알리어 문법은 주격, 대격, 구격 등 특정 격에 해당하는 어미가 정해져 있는 것이 아니라, 본래 분리되어 있는 격어미와 kāraka가 배정에 의해 상호 간의 결합이 이루어지는 것이다. 그런데 kāraka의 적용범위가 비교적 넓을 뿐만 아니라, 하나의 격어미가 항상 하나의 kāraka와 대응 관계에 놓이는 것도 아니기 때문에 kāraka의 정의와 유형을 분석하여 적용범위를 정확하게 인지할 필요가 있다. 무엇보다도, 빠알리어 문장에서 기호와 같은 격어미는 kāraka를 통해 의미를 드러내고, 추상적인 개념인 kāraka는 격어미를 통해 구체화 된다는 점에서 격의 의미론적 이해를 위한 kāraka 분석은 중요하다.

영어초록

The purpose of the present paper is to ascertain the importance of the analysis of kāraka for the semantic comprehension of cases in Pāli. The purpose can be subdivided as follows. This paper aims to: ⅰ) clearly separate kāraka and case ending and to ascertain the mutual relation of those based on traditional Pāli grammars, ⅱ) present the application of each kāraka through analysing the definitions and types of six kāraka along with sāmi, ⅲ) focus on the characteristic of the mutual relation between kāraka and case ending from the semantic perspective.
For this research, the related rules in Kaccāyana-vyākaraṇa(KV) and Saddanīti(Sadd) were translated into Korean and analysed. As a result of that, the definitions and types of six kāraka, viz., kattu, kamma, karaṇa, sampadāna, apādāna, okāsa, along with sāmi were clarified in detail. And the assignment of each case ending to each kāraka were also presented.
KV and Sadd do not use grammatical terms such as nominative case, accusative case, instrumental case, and so forth. Those grammars divide the case groups into seven such as paṭhamā vibhatti, dutiyā vibhatti, tatiyā vibhatti, and so forth, then assign a case(cases) to kāraka. Basically, paṭhamā vibhatti or tatiyā vibhatti is added to kattu according to sentence. And, dutiyā vibhatti is added to kamma, tatiyā vibhatti to karaṇa, catutthī vibhatti to sampadāna, pañcamī vibhatti to apādāna, chaṭṭhī vibhatti to sāmi, and sattamī vibhatti to okāsa. But, the other assignments in many rules are also presented. A case group is not absolutely assigned to a single kāraka, and a kāraka is not always expressed as a single case.
The important factors of the analysis of kāraka for the semantic comprehension of cases are as follows. Firstly, as each kāraka has a wide application and various types, it is necessary to analyze kāraka for grasping role and meaning of a word in a sentence. Secondly, a case group is not absolutely assigned to a single kāraka, and a kāraka is not always expressed as a single case. Thirdly, without case, kāraka cannot be expressed for conveying the meaning of word, and without kāraka, case is nothing but a sign. Therefore, the analysis of kāraka for the semantic comprehension of cases is necessary and important.

참고자료

· 없음