여성거인설화의 자료 존재양상과 성격 (Aspects and Characterics of Female Giant Tale)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 제주대학교 탐라문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 탐라문화 / 37호 / 223 ~ 260페이지
· 저자명 : 권태효

초록

여성거인설화는 지형을 형성시키는 창조신적 면모를 보이는 설화로 일찍부터 주목을 받아왔지만 자료의 전승기간이 길고 자료 층위도 복잡하며, 지역별로도 다양하게 분포되어 있다. 또한 연계된 설화자료도 많으며, 원초적인 여성신관념과 상통하고 있어 다각도로 접근해야 할 대상이다.
여성거인설화는 지금까지 어느 정도 연구가 집적되어 왔으나 여전히 정리되지 못한 문제들이 있다. 첫째는 여성거인이 어떤 지역적 분포를 보이는가 하는점이다. 우리의 여성거인은 제주도를 제외한 전국적인 분포를 보이는 마고할미와 특정의 지역적 분포를 보이는 제주도의 설문대할망, 서해안의 개양할미, 강원도 삼척의 서구할미, 경상도 동부지역의 안가닥할미가 존재하는데, 그 명칭에있어서는 차이가 있지만 그 행위나 성격 등은 일치된 모습을 보여주고 있어동일한 존재에 대한 지역적 변이형으로 보인다. 둘째는 바다와 섬을 관장하는여성거인이 육지의 여성거인과는 차이가 있는가 하는 문제로, 육지의 여성거인은 신앙적 면모가 현저히 약화되면서 신화적 면모 또한 크게 약화된 반면 바다와 섬을 무대로 활동하는 여성거인은 여전히 어민들의 수호신적 기능을 하는등 신앙적 흔적이 남아있다. 셋째는 남성거인이 여성거인과는 어떤 관계인가하는 점인데, 남성거인설화 자료는 태초의 지형을 형성시키는 형태의 창조신적면모를 보여주는 자료는 찾아보기 어렵고 창조신적 기능 또한 현저히 약화된양상이어서 여성거인설화 자료 중 희화화나 민담화가 진행된 자료에 대응하는양상을 보여준다. 아울러 여성거인설화의 전승이 후대에 현실적 인식에 따라변모되면서 남성거인으로 대체되면서 출현하는 모습도 찾아볼 수 있다. 넷째,다양한 자료 양상을 보이는 여성거인설화의 변이방향은 다섯 가지 정도로 정리되는데, 1)창조신에서 희화화된 신격으로 2)숭배의 대상에서 징치의 대상으로3)인간에게 이로움을 주는 선신에서 악신으로 4)여성거인에서 남성거인으로 5)비현실적 형상화에서 현실에 가까운 형상으로 변이되어 갔음을 파악할 수 있다.

영어초록

Due to the aspect of god of creation who forms topographical features, tales of female giants have been drawn attention in the academia. However, those of female giants have long period of transmission and contents at the complicated level, and have been distributed in the variety of regions. Also, since there are a lot of related tales existed and those of female giants are related to the concept of primitive goddess, the tales should be researched and be looked into from multiple angles.
Although massive volumes of researches on tales of female giants have been conducted so far and reached at certain level, still there are several matters remained to be concerned. First, the concern we should look into is what kinds of regional distribution which female giants bring about. In terms of the distributional types of female giants, they could be divided into two groups, distribution at national level and regional level. Grandmother Mago is found nationwide except on Jeju Island. Speaking of regional distribution, Grandmother Seolmundae from Jeju Islands, Grandmother Gaeyang from the Western sea area,Grandmother Seogu from Samcheok in Gangwon province,Grandmother Angadak from the Eastern Gyeongsang province are being found at the regional level. Although there are differences existed with regard to what the tales are named, the features of having same kinds of behavior and characteristics are being found in the female giants in the tales. Accordingly, this phenomenon could be concluded that the same character is being modified regionally.
Second, the matter of difference between female giants who are in control of sea and islands and female giants who are in control of land.
In the case of female giants in control of land, the aspects of faith and myth are not that highlighted. As functioning the role of faith gets weaken, the role of myth which female giants could serve gets weaken as well. On the other hand, since female giants in control of sea and islands serves the role of patron saint for fishermen, functioning the role of faith served by female giants of sea and islands is being found.
Third, the matter of what kinds of relationship female giants have with male giants is looked into. It is hard to find the sources containing the features of god of creation who forms topography in the beginning of the world in the tales of male giants unlike those of female giants have. Also, the role and function of god of creation are not that strong in the tales of male giants. In this regard, those of male giants appear to be seen that they have certain types of similarities with the sources having features of being caricatured and becoming folk-tales in the tales of female giants. In addition, as transmission of tales of female giants has been changed by the recognition of people in the contemporary times, it seems that similarities that female giants are being replaced to male giants.
Fourth, the features of the way how the tales of female giants have been changed could be categorized into five types; first, from the god of creation to caricatured god, second, from the object to be worshiped to the object to be thrown away, third, from god of good who benefits people to god of evil, fourth, from female giants to male giants, fifth,from embodiment of unreality to embodiment of something near to reality.

참고자료

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