한시에 나타난 유배객의 생활 모습 －『정헌영해처감록』을 중심으로－ (Life Style of Exiles Represented in Korean Poetry in Chinese －Focused on “Jeongheon Yeonghaecheogamrok (Jeongheon's Writing on Experience in a Place of Exile)”－)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국어문교육연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 어문연구(語文硏究) / 38권 / 3호 / 381 ~ 409페이지
· 저자명 : 박동욱

초록

趙貞喆(1751～1831)은 자가 成卿·台城이고, 호는 靜軒·大陵이다. 그는 조선 시대 최장기 유배객으로 문학사에서 그리 알려진 인물은 아니다. 제주도에서 무려 27년을 謫居하였으며, 총 29년 동안을 유배지에서 떠돌았다. 그의 문집인 『靜軒瀛海處坎錄』은 어떠한 기록보다 상세하게 유배객의 삶을 보여주고 있다. 본고에서는 이 기록을 중심으로 유배객의 삶을 조망하였다. 유배객으로 열악한 생활환경의 고단함은 당연한 것이고, 음식과 의복은 보수 주인에게 전적으로 의지할 수밖에 없었다. 다양한 방식의 감시와 규제는 유배 생활을 더욱 어렵게 만들었다. 그중 점고는 특히 유배객에게 굴욕감과 자괴감을 주기에 충분했다. 독서는 철저하게 금지시키고, 서적을 소유하는 것도 읽는 행위도 감시하고 막았다. 또, 서신의 반입과 반출을 금지시켰다. 문밖출입도 용이하지 않을 만큼 제약이 심해 현지인과의 유대와 인간애 부분에서는 보수 주인만을 다뤘다.

영어초록

The courtesy name of Jo Jeongcheol(1751~1831) was “Seonggyeong” and “Taeseong” and his pen name was Jeongheon and Daereung. His collection of works “Jeongheon Yeonghaecheogamrok(Jeongheon's writing on experience in a place of exile)” describes the life of an exile in greater detail than any other records. His poetry is like a dairy in an exile. He wrote his life in an exile by period in great detail. This study investigated the life of exiles with focus on the writing of Jeongheon.
It is very natural for an exile to be exhausted because of poor living environment in a place of exile. However, it was very difficult for him to endure the life in a place of exile in reality because he couldn't help fully depending on the exile superintendent for eating and clothing. The residence was very small and exposed without protection to heat and cold as well as he was suffered from diverse kinds of insects and venomous snakes.
Various types of surveillance and control made the life in a place of exile more difficult. In particular, checking appearance was enough to make exiles feel humiliation and shame. Reading was strictly prohibited and surveillance on whether to have books was more severe than that on reading books. Furthermore, it was banned to receive or send letters. Control and surveillance were very severe to the extent that an exile couldn't go out of a house even a step.
Only exile superintendents could manage the relationship with local residents and humanity toward residents. While there wasn't known much about the exile superintendents, the writing of Jeongheon showed that exiles and their superintendents were not hostile each other all the time, unlike what we knew.
Exile in the Joseon dynasty was very general phenomenon. Further studies need to examine various kinds of sensitive parts in the literature created during exile. This study will be a basis for multilateral approaches to the exile literature in the future.

참고자료

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