베네치아 지배 하 강제 징병에 항거한 자킨토스 섬 민중-시민의 봉기(1628): 에프타니사(7개 섬)와 로마, 콘스탄티노플 등 주변 세력들과의 관계를 중심으로 (People-Citizens’ Rebellion (1628) in Zakynthos against compulsory conscription under the Venetian Dominance: On the relationship among Ephtanisa (Seven Islands) and the neighboring authorities of Rome)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 119호 / 180 ~ 209페이지
· 저자명 : 최자영

초록

At the beginning of the 17th Century when the Venetian maritimeempire was more or less suffering, as trade shifted from theMediterranean to the Atlantic, a people's rebellion broke out in Zakynthos(August 17, 1628). Venice's economic decline led to a weakness ofmilitary power, and in Zakynthos the conscription of citizens was forcedby Venetian officials on the spot, to spare the cost of mercenary soldiers.
The people's rebellion in Zakynthos lasted just one day. This typeof rebellion had not been seen before nor would it be seen again. It couldbe defined as a resistance not so much against the colonial dominationof Venetia itself, as against the abuse of authority committed by Venetianresident officials in Zakynthos. These officials coerced people to be takeninto the military against normal conventions. There were differentpositions held by the two differing authorities, Venetia itself and itsofficials in the colony. Venetian resident officials in Zakynthos inflictedpunishment on the agitators of the people's rebellion, but the Metropolisdischarged them in 1637 by the decision of the court.
Venetian domination was not autocratic but made a compromise withthe aboriginal conventions so as not to disturb the status quo. Theaboriginal self-government was embodied in the religious hierarchy ofpriests. The resistance of aborigines against the infringement ofconventional autonomy did not invariably refer to the Venetiandomination or the autocracy of its officials in the colony. There werealso conflicts among regions: those occurring between Zakynthos andKephalonia, as well as those between different social classes. In thepeople's rebellion of 1628 some of the upper class citizens (polites)collaborated more or less with the lower class people, but the formerwere in discord with the latter who supported Nikodimos II Metaxas, the bishop (episcopos) of Kephalonia and Zakynthos.
Moreover, Ephtanisa (seven islands) including Zakynthos was incontact with and influenced by not only Venetia, but also Rome, Korinthand Constantinople. For example, in Zakynthos and Kephalonia, therecoexisted bishops who were appointed by the Pope of the Roman CatholicChurch, bishops (episcopos, metropolites) appointed by the patriarchs ofConstantinople, and bishops or priests appointed by the aborigines.
As there were multi-dimensional relationships, the independence fromor resistance against Venetia did not have absolute meaning. In thesecircumstances, Venetian authority made efforts to settle the discordamong regions, or different social classes in a community, without rapidalteration of existing conventions as much as possible.

영어초록

At the beginning of the 17th Century when the Venetian maritimeempire was more or less suffering, as trade shifted from theMediterranean to the Atlantic, a people's rebellion broke out in Zakynthos(August 17, 1628). Venice's economic decline led to a weakness ofmilitary power, and in Zakynthos the conscription of citizens was forcedby Venetian officials on the spot, to spare the cost of mercenary soldiers.
The people's rebellion in Zakynthos lasted just one day. This typeof rebellion had not been seen before nor would it be seen again. It couldbe defined as a resistance not so much against the colonial dominationof Venetia itself, as against the abuse of authority committed by Venetianresident officials in Zakynthos. These officials coerced people to be takeninto the military against normal conventions. There were differentpositions held by the two differing authorities, Venetia itself and itsofficials in the colony. Venetian resident officials in Zakynthos inflictedpunishment on the agitators of the people's rebellion, but the Metropolisdischarged them in 1637 by the decision of the court.
Venetian domination was not autocratic but made a compromise withthe aboriginal conventions so as not to disturb the status quo. Theaboriginal self-government was embodied in the religious hierarchy ofpriests. The resistance of aborigines against the infringement ofconventional autonomy did not invariably refer to the Venetiandomination or the autocracy of its officials in the colony. There werealso conflicts among regions: those occurring between Zakynthos andKephalonia, as well as those between different social classes. In thepeople's rebellion of 1628 some of the upper class citizens (polites)collaborated more or less with the lower class people, but the formerwere in discord with the latter who supported Nikodimos II Metaxas, the bishop (episcopos) of Kephalonia and Zakynthos.
Moreover, Ephtanisa (seven islands) including Zakynthos was incontact with and influenced by not only Venetia, but also Rome, Korinthand Constantinople. For example, in Zakynthos and Kephalonia, therecoexisted bishops who were appointed by the Pope of the Roman CatholicChurch, bishops (episcopos, metropolites) appointed by the patriarchs ofConstantinople, and bishops or priests appointed by the aborigines.
As there were multi-dimensional relationships, the independence fromor resistance against Venetia did not have absolute meaning. In thesecircumstances, Venetian authority made efforts to settle the discordamong regions, or different social classes in a community, without rapidalteration of existing conventions as much as possible.

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