芥川龍之介의 『杜子春』의 소재활용 방법 考察 -소설『杜子春伝』과의 비교를 통하여- (A Comparative Analysis of “Toshishun”, a Chinese Novel in Táng Dynasty and “ToShiShun” a Nursery Tale by Akutagawa Ryunosuke)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국일어일문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일어일문학연구 / 92권 / 2호 / 47 ~ 68페이지
· 저자명 : 김정희, 이시준

초록

本稿は唐代小説『杜子春伝』と芥川龍之介の童話『杜子春』との比較を通 して作家の素材活用について考察したものである。出典である 『杜子春伝』 は多くの版本があるが、芥川は『唐代叢書』(初集, 天門渤海家藏原本)を利用 した可能性が高いと判断される。それだけでなく、『杜子春』の詳細的な内 容を調べると、『全唐詩』巻858、『楊文公談苑』(呂洞賓詩)、『支那仙人列 伝』(東海林辰三郎)など、作家が多様な書籍も参考して引用したことも確認で きた。芥川は童話というジャンルを意識して理解しにくく、童話としてふさ わしくない内容は省略している。また、素材活用を通じて芥川は現世の人間愛をより強調していることが確認できた。素材活用、主題の変化などに関し て共通的に話せるのは、作家は出典である小説『杜子春伝』を「童話」とし て意識して執筆したということである。既存の『杜子春』に対する否定的評 価は出典との比較が徹底的ではなかったこと、あるいは童話というジャンル を念頭に置かなかったことと見えて、今後より積極的な再評価が行なわなけ ればならないだろう。

영어초록

I considered author’s use of materials and aspects of adaptation comparing the novel Toshishun in the Táng Dynasty period with the fairy tale Toshishun. The results are as follows.
First, I could verify that the author referred to and quoted various books including Táng Poems, Yang Wen gong story, and Shina fairy, despite Toshishun’s original source is in the collection of Táng period. The second is on the aspect of adaptation.
To enumerate the main parts of adaptation, the motif of reincarnation as woman and the scene of torture in the original were omitted (but, the torture of Shishun’s wife is replaced by his mother’s). I think the main reason of omission is that the author considered those scenes are inappropriate and indigestible for children to read.
In addition, Shishun reincarnated in the original apostatized because of his son, while Shishun’s apostasy in Toshishun was due to his mother. Lastly, Shishun in the original was forsaken by Taoist while Shishun in Toshishun was praised and rewarded with a house by Taoist. Third, Akutagawa emphasized the humanity of this world using materials and adaptation. The original implied that becoming Taoist against all odds is too difficult for a normal person and the motherhood is the most instinctive emotion. On the other hand, in Toshishun, after watching Shishun apostatize due to his parents’ suffering Taoist said, “If you didn’t say like that, I was about to kill”. In the last scene, Taoist gave Shishun a house surrounded by peach blossoms in the south of Taishan when Shishun declared: “I will live honestly like a human being”. After all, Akutagawa focused on the human world in which people live together, instead of the fairy land that the only one who leaved mundane world and attained Nirvana can reach. Besides he gave more prominence to the filialduty. What the above-mentioned respects including use of materials, aspects of adaptation, and topic transition imply is that the author of Toshishun wrote this work as a children’s story.

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