중환자실 약물 ( 응급약물, 승압제, 칼슘차단제,베타차단제) 필수 암기 약물

문서 내 토픽

• 1. Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB,칼슘통로차단제)

  칼슘통로를 통해 들어오는 칼슘을 차단하여 심근의 수축력을 감소시키고, 혈관을 확장시켜 혈압을 떨어뜨리는 역할을 하는 약물. 대표적인 약물로는 Diltiazem (헤르벤), Verapamil (이솝틴), Nicardipine (페르디핀), Amlodipine (노바스크), Nimodipine (니모디핀) 등이 있다.

• 2. Bata Blocker (BB, 베타차단제)

  교감신경 베타수용체를 차단하여 심근수축력과 맥박수를 감소시키는 약물. 혈압을 감소시키는데 효과가 있지만, 맥박도 같이 감소한다. 대표적인 약물로는 Atenolol(테놀민), Nebivolol hydrochloride (Nebilet,네비레트), Metoprolol Tratrate (Batloc, 베타록), Carvedilol (딜라트렌), Labetalol (Labesin , 라베신), Propranolol hydrochloride (indenol , 인데놀) 등이 있다.

• 3. Vasodiator (혈관확장제)

  혈관을 확장시키며 혈관의 근육을 이완시키고 혈관을 넓게 하여 심장의 부하를 줄여 혈압을 감소시키는 약물. 대표적인 약물로는 Nitroglycerin(NTG,니트로글리세린), Hydralazine (HDZ, 하이드랄라진), Minoxidil (미녹시딜) 등이 있다.

• 4. Diuretics (이뇨제)

  신장 수분 배출량을 높여 혈관을 통과하는 혈액의 양을 줄이고 혈압을 감소시키는 약물. 이뇨작용과 정맥이완작용으로 전부하를 감소시킨다. 대표적인 약물로는 Furosemide (Lasix , 라식스), Spironolactone (Aldactone, 알닥톤), Hydrochlorothiazide (Dichlozid , 다이크로짇) 등이 있다.

• 5. Inotropic(승압제)

  말초혈관을 수축시켜 혈압을 상승시키고, 심근수축력을 증가시키는 약물. 대표적인 약물로는 Dopamine (Dopuramine,도푸라민), Epinephrine(에피네프린) 등이 있다.

• 6. CPR 약물

  심정지 상황에서 사용되는 약물. 대표적인 약물로는 Amiodarone (Cordarone,코다론), Esmolol Hydrochloride (Brevibloc,브레비 블록), Adenosine (Adenocor,아데노코) 등이 있다.

Easy AI와 토픽 톺아보기

• 1. Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB,칼슘통로차단제)

  Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are a class of medications that work by blocking the entry of calcium ions into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. This action results in the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and a reduction in blood pressure. CCBs are commonly used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain types of arrhythmias. They are generally well-tolerated and have a relatively low risk of side effects compared to other antihypertensive medications. However, it is important to carefully monitor patients on CCBs, as they can interact with certain other medications and may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as heart failure. Overall, CCBs are an important and effective tool in the management of cardiovascular diseases.

• 2. Bata Blocker (BB, 베타차단제)

  Beta-blockers (BBs) are a class of medications that work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) on the body. This action results in a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, and the workload on the heart. BBs are commonly used to treat a variety of cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, angina, heart failure, and certain types of arrhythmias. They are generally well-tolerated, but can have side effects such as fatigue, dizziness, and cold extremities. It is important to carefully monitor patients on BBs, as they can interact with certain other medications and may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as asthma or COPD. Overall, BBs are an important and effective tool in the management of cardiovascular diseases, but their use requires careful consideration of the individual patient's needs and medical history.

• 3. Vasodiator (혈관확장제)

  Vasodilators are a class of medications that work by relaxing and widening the blood vessels, which in turn reduces the resistance to blood flow and lowers blood pressure. This makes them useful in the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, heart failure, and certain types of angina. Vasodilators can be classified into different subgroups, such as nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, each with their own mechanisms of action and specific indications. While generally well-tolerated, vasodilators can have side effects such as headaches, dizziness, and flushing. It is important to carefully monitor patients on vasodilators, as they can interact with certain other medications and may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions. Overall, vasodilators are an important and effective tool in the management of cardiovascular diseases, but their use requires careful consideration of the individual patient's needs and medical history.

• 4. Diuretics (이뇨제)

  Diuretics are a class of medications that work by increasing the excretion of water and sodium from the body, which in turn reduces the volume of fluid in the bloodstream and lowers blood pressure. Diuretics are commonly used to treat a variety of conditions, including hypertension, heart failure, and edema. There are several different types of diuretics, each with their own mechanisms of action and specific indications. While generally well-tolerated, diuretics can have side effects such as electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and increased urination. It is important to carefully monitor patients on diuretics, as they can interact with certain other medications and may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease. Overall, diuretics are an important and effective tool in the management of various medical conditions, but their use requires careful consideration of the individual patient's needs and medical history.

• 5. Inotropic(승압제)

  Inotropic agents, also known as positive inotropes, are a class of medications that work by increasing the contractility of the heart muscle, which in turn improves the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. These medications are primarily used in the treatment of heart failure, where the heart's pumping function is impaired. Inotropic agents can be classified into different subgroups, such as cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin), phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., milrinone), and calcium sensitizers (e.g., levosimendan). While these medications can be effective in improving cardiac output and relieving symptoms of heart failure, they also carry a risk of side effects, such as arrhythmias, hypotension, and increased myocardial oxygen demand. It is important to carefully monitor patients on inotropic agents, as their use requires a delicate balance between the benefits and risks. Overall, inotropic agents are an important tool in the management of heart failure, but their use should be guided by the individual patient's needs and medical history.

• 6. CPR 약물

  CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) medications are a group of drugs used during emergency situations to help restore and maintain the heart's pumping function and circulation. These medications are typically administered during cardiac arrest or other life-threatening cardiovascular emergencies. The most commonly used CPR drugs include epinephrine (adrenaline), which helps to increase blood pressure and heart rate, and amiodarone, which can help to restore a normal heart rhythm. Other CPR medications, such as atropine, vasopressin, and lidocaine, may also be used depending on the specific circumstances and the patient's condition. The use of CPR medications requires careful consideration and monitoring, as they can have significant side effects and interactions with other medications. It is crucial that healthcare providers are properly trained and equipped to administer these drugs safely and effectively during emergency situations. Overall, CPR medications play a critical role in the management of life-threatening cardiovascular events, but their use must be guided by the individual patient's needs and the expertise of the healthcare team.