물리약학 레포트 Fabrication of Chitosan-coated alginated bead

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1. Alginate (alginic acid)

Alginate는 해초에서 얻을 수 있는 L-guluronate와 D-mannuronate의 두 가지 단량체가 반복된 선형 고분자이며, -COOH기를 보유하기에 음이온성을 띤다. 물에 녹으면 점성을 띄게 되어 gel, film, fiber 형태로 만들 수 있으며, Ca2+와 같은 양이온과의 상호작용으로 gel을 형성할 수 있다.
2. Chitosan

Chitosan은 갑각류의 껍질에서 얻은 chitin의 deacetylation으로 얻어지는 고분자이며, beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit)과 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine의 반복된 형태로 구성되어 있다. 생분해가 되며 점막에 잘 붙는 성질을 가지고 있어 생체에 이용하기에 적합하다.
3. Chitosan-coated alginate microparticle

Alginated bead는 다공성이기 때문에 봉입된 약물이 빠르게 방출되어 서방출 용으로 이용하기에 한계가 있다. 따라서 bead 표면에 다른 고분자를 이용해 코팅하여 빠른 배출을 막고 서방출되도록 만들 수 있다. Alginate는 음이온을 띠기 때문에 양이온을 띠는 chitosan이 적합한 coating 물질이 된다.
4. Calcium crosslinking of alginate

Alginate bead의 제조 원리는 칼슘 경화 반응으로 설명할 수 있다. Sodium alginate를 녹여 CaCl2 solution에 떨어뜨리면 calcium alginate bead가 형성된다. Na+와 Ca2+가 치환되면서 Ca2+를 중심으로 두 가닥의 alginate가 망상을 형성하기 때문이다.
5. Drug release from alginate beads

Chitosan으로 코팅한 alginate bead는 코팅하지 않은 bead에 비해 약물 방출 속도가 느리고 일정한 zero-order release 패턴을 보였다. 이는 chitosan 코팅층이 약물 방출을 제어하는 역할을 하기 때문이다.

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1. Alginate (alginic acid)

Alginate, also known as alginic acid, is a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed. It has a wide range of applications in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical engineering. Alginate is known for its unique gelling properties, which are attributed to its ability to form ionic crosslinks with divalent cations, such as calcium. This property makes alginate a valuable material for the encapsulation and controlled release of drugs, as well as for the development of hydrogels and scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Alginate-based materials are generally biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic, making them attractive for use in biomedical applications. The versatility and tunable properties of alginate make it a promising candidate for further research and development in various fields.
2. Chitosan

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, such as shrimp and crab. It has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its unique properties and potential applications. Chitosan is known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity, making it a valuable material for various biomedical applications. It has been extensively studied for its use in drug delivery systems, wound healing, tissue engineering, and water treatment. Chitosan can form hydrogels, films, and nanoparticles, allowing for the development of diverse chitosan-based products. The cationic nature of chitosan also enables it to interact with negatively charged molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, which can be exploited for gene delivery and other biomedical applications. Overall, the versatility and desirable properties of chitosan make it a promising material for continued research and development in various fields.
3. Chitosan-coated alginate microparticle

Chitosan-coated alginate microparticles are a type of composite material that combines the beneficial properties of both chitosan and alginate. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, is known for its gelling properties and ability to encapsulate and release drugs in a controlled manner. Chitosan, on the other hand, is a cationic polysaccharide derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, and it possesses antimicrobial, biocompatible, and mucoadhesive properties. By coating alginate microparticles with chitosan, researchers have been able to create a system that leverages the advantages of both materials. The chitosan coating can enhance the stability of the alginate microparticles, improve their mucoadhesive properties, and potentially provide additional antimicrobial protection. This composite system has been explored for various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. The synergistic effects of the chitosan-alginate combination make this a promising area of research with potential for developing innovative and effective biomaterials.
4. Calcium crosslinking of alginate

Calcium crosslinking of alginate is a widely studied and utilized technique in the field of biomaterials and drug delivery. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, has the ability to form hydrogels when exposed to divalent cations, such as calcium. This crosslinking process occurs through the formation of ionic bonds between the carboxylate groups of the alginate and the calcium ions. The resulting alginate hydrogels are biocompatible, biodegradable, and can be used to encapsulate and deliver various therapeutic agents, including drugs, proteins, and cells. The calcium crosslinking of alginate allows for the tuning of the mechanical properties, swelling behavior, and drug release kinetics of the resulting hydrogels. This technique has been extensively explored for applications in tissue engineering, wound healing, and controlled drug delivery systems. The simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and versatility of calcium crosslinking make it a valuable tool in the development of alginate-based biomaterials with diverse functionalities.
5. Drug release from alginate beads

Drug release from alginate beads is a well-established and widely studied topic in the field of drug delivery. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, has the ability to form hydrogels when exposed to divalent cations, such as calcium. This property allows for the encapsulation of drugs within alginate beads, which can then be used to control the release of the encapsulated therapeutic agents. The release of drugs from alginate beads is influenced by various factors, including the composition and crosslinking density of the alginate, the physicochemical properties of the drug, and the environmental conditions (e.g., pH, ionic strength, temperature). Alginate beads can be designed to provide sustained, delayed, or targeted drug release, depending on the specific application and desired therapeutic outcome. This approach has been extensively explored for the delivery of a wide range of drugs, including small molecules, proteins, and peptides. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable properties of alginate make it a valuable material for the development of drug delivery systems, with potential applications in various fields, such as pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, and tissue engineering.