인천대학교 나노바이오실험(1) Bioinformation

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1. Bioinformatics

바이오인포매틱스(bioinformatics)는 생물학적인 문제를 응용수학, 정보과학, 통계학, 컴퓨터 과학, 인공지능, 화학, 생화학 등을 이용하여 주로 분자 수준에서 다루는 학문이다. 주 연구 분야는 서열 정렬, 유전자 검색, 유전자 조합, 단백질 구조 정렬, 단백질 구조 예측, 유전자 발현의 예측, 단백질 간 상호작용, 진화모델 등 다양하다.
2. NCBI

NCBI는 미국의 대표적 국가 생정보학 기관으로, NCBI의 Gene에서 target 유전자를 검색하고 FASTA를 클릭하면 sequence 정보를 얻을 수 있으며, primer-BLAST 정보도 얻을 수 있다.
3. ORF

오픈 리딩 프레임(open reading frame, ORF)은 mRNA로 전사되어 단백질이 될 가능성이 있는 염기서열들을 의미하며, 시작코돈과 종결코돈에 변화가 생기기 때문에 열려있다고 한다. ORF는 mRNA로 전사될 가능성이 있는 염기서열들의 집합이므로, 실제로 mRNA로 전사되는지의 여부는 실험적으로 확인해야 한다.
4. BioEdit

BioEdit은 DNA sequence를 편리하게 정리하고 분석하기 용이한 프로그램으로, Gene이 가지고 있는 DNA를 정리하고 분석할 수 있다. DNA sequence 뿐만 아니라 해당 DNA sequence의 translation된 형태, 즉 amino acid sequence로도 변환이 가능하여 amino acid의 정리도 가능하다.
5. Homo sapiens MKP-7 mRNA

이번 실험의 target 유전자는 Homo sapiens MKP-7 mRNA for MAPK phosphatase-7, complete CDs이다. NCBI 사이트에서 이 유전자의 서열을 확인하고 BioEdit 프로그램을 통해 분석하였다. 아미노산 서열, 제한효소 정보, primer 정보 등을 확인할 수 있었다.
6. Primer Design

NCBI의 pick primer 기능을 통해 Tm값과 GC% 차이가 적은 primer pair를 선택하였다. Tm값과 GC% 외에도 size, self complementarity, self 3' complementarity 등을 고려하여 적합한 primer를 선택하는 것이 중요하다.
7. Bioinformatics Applications

바이오인포매틱스는 유전체 분석, 단백질 구조 예측, 질병 연구, 생명 정보 데이터베이스 등 다양한 연구 분야에서 활용될 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 특정 유전자의 염기서열, 단백질 정보, 제한효소 정보 등을 확인하는 데 활용되었다.

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1. Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, and information technology to analyze and interpret biological data. It plays a crucial role in various areas of life sciences, such as genomics, proteomics, and drug discovery. Bioinformatics allows researchers to manage, store, and analyze large amounts of complex biological data, leading to a better understanding of living organisms and their functions. It has become an essential tool in modern biology, enabling researchers to uncover patterns, identify genes, and develop new treatments for diseases. As the field continues to evolve, bioinformatics will likely become even more integral to the advancement of scientific knowledge and the improvement of human health.
2. NCBI

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is a crucial resource for bioinformatics research. It provides access to a vast collection of biological and genomic data, including DNA and protein sequences, gene expression data, and scientific literature. NCBI's databases, such as GenBank, PubMed, and the Sequence Read Archive, are widely used by researchers around the world to access and analyze biological information. The NCBI also offers a range of bioinformatics tools and software, including BLAST, for sequence alignment and comparison, and Entrez, for searching and retrieving data. The availability of these resources has greatly accelerated the pace of scientific discovery and has become an indispensable tool for biologists, geneticists, and bioinformaticians. As the field of bioinformatics continues to grow, the NCBI will likely play an even more vital role in supporting and advancing scientific research.
3. ORF

Open Reading Frames (ORFs) are an essential concept in bioinformatics and molecular biology. ORFs are DNA sequences that have the potential to encode proteins, as they contain a start codon (usually ATG) and a stop codon (TAA, TAG, or TGA). Identifying and analyzing ORFs is crucial for understanding gene structure, predicting protein-coding regions, and annotating genomes. Bioinformatics tools and algorithms have been developed to efficiently identify and analyze ORFs, which has significantly contributed to the advancement of genomics and proteomics research. The ability to accurately identify ORFs has enabled researchers to better understand the genetic makeup of organisms, discover new genes, and investigate the functions of proteins. As the field of bioinformatics continues to evolve, the importance of ORF analysis will likely remain a fundamental aspect of biological research and discovery.
4. BioEdit

BioEdit is a widely used bioinformatics software tool that provides a user-friendly interface for sequence analysis and manipulation. It allows researchers to perform a variety of tasks, such as DNA and protein sequence editing, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, and database searching. BioEdit's intuitive design and comprehensive features have made it a popular choice among biologists and bioinformaticians. The software's ability to integrate with various bioinformatics databases and tools, such as BLAST and GenBank, further enhances its utility in the field of bioinformatics. BioEdit's versatility and ease of use have contributed to its widespread adoption, enabling researchers to efficiently analyze and interpret biological data, leading to important discoveries and advancements in the life sciences. As bioinformatics continues to evolve, tools like BioEdit will likely remain essential for researchers working in this dynamic and rapidly advancing field.
5. Homo sapiens MKP-7 mRNA

The Homo sapiens MKP-7 mRNA (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-7) is an important molecule in the field of bioinformatics and molecular biology. MKP-7 is a member of the dual-specificity phosphatase family, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Understanding the structure, expression, and function of the MKP-7 mRNA is essential for researchers investigating cellular processes, signal transduction, and the potential involvement of MKP-7 in various diseases. Bioinformatics tools and techniques, such as sequence analysis, gene expression profiling, and comparative genomics, have been instrumental in elucidating the characteristics and roles of the Homo sapiens MKP-7 mRNA. As our understanding of this molecule and its interactions within the complex network of cellular signaling pathways continues to evolve, bioinformatics will remain a vital tool for advancing our knowledge and potentially identifying new therapeutic targets or biomarkers related to MKP-7 and its associated biological functions.
6. Primer Design

Primer design is a crucial aspect of bioinformatics, particularly in the field of molecular biology and genetics. Primers are short DNA sequences used to initiate the amplification of specific target regions during techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Effective primer design is essential for the success of these techniques, as it ensures the specificity, efficiency, and reliability of the amplification process. Bioinformatics tools and algorithms have been developed to automate and optimize primer design, taking into account factors such as melting temperature, GC content, secondary structure, and potential cross-reactivity. The ability to design high-quality primers has enabled researchers to conduct a wide range of genetic analyses, from gene expression studies to diagnostic assays and genome-wide association studies. As bioinformatics continues to advance, the development of more sophisticated primer design tools and algorithms will likely enhance the accuracy, sensitivity, and versatility of molecular biology techniques, further driving progress in the life sciences.
7. Bioinformatics Applications

Bioinformatics has a wide range of applications that have significantly impacted various fields of life sciences. In the field of genomics, bioinformatics tools and techniques have enabled the efficient storage, analysis, and interpretation of large-scale DNA sequence data, leading to the identification of genes, the understanding of genetic variations, and the development of personalized medicine. In proteomics, bioinformatics has facilitated the prediction of protein structures, the identification of protein-protein interactions, and the development of new therapeutic targets. Bioinformatics has also played a crucial role in the field of evolutionary biology, allowing researchers to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, study the evolution of species, and investigate the mechanisms of adaptation and speciation. Additionally, bioinformatics has found applications in areas such as drug discovery, where it aids in the identification and optimization of potential drug candidates, and in the field of metagenomics, where it enables the analysis of microbial communities and their interactions with the environment. As the field of bioinformatics continues to evolve, its applications are likely to expand, driving further advancements in our understanding of biological systems and our ability to address complex challenges in the life sciences.

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인천대학교 나노바이오실험(1) A 자료) 7. Bioinformation 18페이지

나노바이오실험1 0요일 00반 00조나노바이오전공 학번 이름1. 실험 일시 및 장소 : 2023년 05월 00일, 4호관 105호 전산실2. 실험 목표① NCBI 같은 웹 기반 생물학 데이터 베이스를 이용하여 유전자 및 단백질 정보를 얻을 수 있다.② Bioedit 프로그램으로 유전자 서열을 분석하고, 코돈과 신호서열과 같은 개념에 대해 이해한다.3. 이론① 코돈(codon)DNA에 전사된 mRNA의 3염기 조합을 의미한다. mRNA의 유전암호의 단위로, 이것에 의해 세포 내에서 합성되는 아미노산의 종류가 결정된다.② 개시코돈 (i...

2024.02.15· 18페이지