Case study of colon cancer and hemicolectomy (including 3 nursing diagnoses, 3 nursing processes, nursing assessment, and disease overview)

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1. Colon cancer

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon). Most colon cancers begin as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps. Over time, some of these polyps can become colon cancers. Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea, accounting for 11.2% of all cancers in 2020. Risk factors for colon cancer include age over 50, high-fat and low-fiber diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol consumption, and genetic factors. Colon cancer typically starts in the innermost layer of the colon and gradually grows through the other layers. It can spread to nearby lymph nodes and eventually to the liver, lungs, and other organs. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving survival rates.
2. Hemicolectomy

Hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a portion of the colon. There are several types of hemicolectomy: - Right hemicolectomy: Removal of the cecum, ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon. - Transverse colectomy: Removal of the central part of the transverse colon. - Left hemicolectomy: Removal of the descending colon and part of the sigmoid colon. - Anterior resection: Removal of the sigmoid colon and upper rectum. - Abdominoperineal resection: Removal of the entire rectum and anus. The type of hemicolectomy performed depends on the location of the tumor in the colon. The remaining parts of the colon are then reconnected to restore normal bowel function. Hemicolectomy is a common treatment for colon cancer, and the extent of the surgery is determined by the stage of the cancer.

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1. Colon cancer

Colon cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that affects the large intestine. It is one of the most common types of cancer, and early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Colon cancer can develop slowly over many years, often starting as small, noncancerous growths called polyps that can eventually turn into cancer. Risk factors for colon cancer include age, family history, diet, and lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, and smoking. Screening tests like colonoscopies are important for detecting colon cancer early, when it is most treatable. Treatment options can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. While colon cancer can be a daunting diagnosis, advances in medical research and treatment have significantly improved survival rates in recent years. With early detection and appropriate treatment, many people with colon cancer can go on to live long and healthy lives.
2. Hemicolectomy

A hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion of the colon, typically the right or left side. This procedure is often performed as a treatment for colon cancer, diverticulitis, or other conditions affecting the colon. During a hemicolectomy, the surgeon will remove the affected section of the colon and then reconnect the remaining healthy portions, either through a direct anastomosis or by creating a temporary colostomy. The specific surgical approach and extent of the resection will depend on the individual patient's condition and the location of the affected area. Recovery from a hemicolectomy can be challenging, as it involves a significant surgical procedure, but with proper postoperative care and rehabilitation, most patients are able to return to their normal activities within several weeks to months. Overall, a hemicolectomy can be an effective treatment option for various colon-related conditions, but it is important for patients to work closely with their healthcare team to understand the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes of the procedure.

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