소프트웨어 보안 CWE Top 25 보안 약점 과제

문서 내 토픽

1. Use After Free (UAF)

UAF는 해제된 메모리 영역을 재사용할 때 발생하는 보안 약점으로, Heap 영역에서 일어나는 문제입니다. 해제된 메모리 공간이 새로운 포인터에 할당될 경우 그 포인터가 해당 영역의 값과 주소 값을 사용할 수 있게 되어 발생합니다. 이를 악용하여 공격자가 해당 영역을 공격 코드로 덮으면 개발자가 의도치 않게 공격 코드를 실행할 수 있습니다.
2. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

SSRF는 서버 측에서 피해자에게 위조된 요청을 보내도록 하는 공격입니다. 웹 서버가 사용자에게서 받은 입력값을 제대로 검증하지 않으면 공격자가 악의적인 입력값을 보내 서버가 보낸 요청으로 착각하게 만들 수 있습니다. 이를 통해 공격자는 서버 내부 자원을 스캔하거나 악성 코드를 실행시킬 수 있습니다.
3. OS Command Injection

OS Command Injection은 사용자 입력 값을 받는 페이지에 시스템 명령어를 입력하여 서버 운영체제에 접근할 수 있게 만드는 보안약점입니다. 적절한 검증 절차를 거치지 않으면 공격자가 악의적인 시스템 명령어를 삽입하여 관리자 권한 변경, 내부 데이터 출력 및 손상 등의 피해를 발생시킬 수 있습니다.

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1. Use After Free (UAF)

Use After Free (UAF) is a critical vulnerability that occurs when a program accesses memory that has already been freed or deallocated. This can lead to a wide range of security issues, including arbitrary code execution, information disclosure, and denial of service attacks. UAF vulnerabilities often arise due to improper memory management in software, where developers fail to properly track and manage the lifecycle of memory allocations. Attackers can exploit UAF vulnerabilities by manipulating the program's memory state to gain control of the system or access sensitive information. Mitigating UAF vulnerabilities requires careful attention to memory management practices, such as ensuring that all memory allocations are properly tracked and freed, and implementing robust input validation and sanitization mechanisms. Additionally, the use of memory-safe programming languages and runtime environments can help reduce the risk of UAF vulnerabilities. Overall, UAF is a serious security concern that requires diligent software development practices and ongoing vigilance to address effectively.
2. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is a type of web application vulnerability that allows an attacker to force a server-side application to make requests to internal or external resources that the attacker may not have direct access to. This can be particularly dangerous when the server-side application has access to sensitive internal resources, such as databases, internal services, or cloud metadata services. SSRF vulnerabilities often arise when server-side applications fail to properly validate and sanitize user-supplied input, allowing attackers to craft malicious requests that the server will execute. Exploiting SSRF vulnerabilities can lead to data breaches, unauthorized access to internal systems, and even the potential for further attacks, such as remote code execution. Mitigating SSRF vulnerabilities requires a comprehensive approach, including input validation, network segmentation, and the use of secure coding practices. Additionally, organizations should regularly assess their web applications for SSRF vulnerabilities and implement appropriate security controls to protect against this type of attack.
3. OS Command Injection

OS Command Injection is a critical web application vulnerability that occurs when user input is used to execute system commands on the server-side without proper sanitization or validation. This vulnerability can allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server, potentially leading to a wide range of security issues, such as data breaches, system compromise, and denial of service attacks. OS Command Injection vulnerabilities often arise when developers fail to properly validate and sanitize user input before passing it to system commands or shell functions. Attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities by crafting malicious input that is then executed by the server, potentially granting them access to sensitive data or system resources. Mitigating OS Command Injection vulnerabilities requires a comprehensive approach, including input validation, the use of secure coding practices, and the implementation of appropriate security controls, such as input sanitization and the use of least-privilege principles. Additionally, organizations should regularly assess their web applications for OS Command Injection vulnerabilities and implement appropriate security measures to protect against this type of attack.