NCLEX 요약정리 (+NGN 포함) - 아동간호 Integumentary
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NCLEX 요약정리 (+NGN 포함) - 아동간호 Integumentary
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2024.02.22
문서 내 토픽
  • 1. Atopic dermatitis (eczema 습진)
    Atopic dermatitis (eczema 습진)은 만성 피부 질환으로, 주로 1세 이전에 처음 진단됩니다. 특징으로는 소양증, 홍반, 건조한 피부(유아의 경우 붉고 딱딱하며 비늘 모양의 병변)가 있습니다. 관리 목표는 가려움증 완화와 긁힘 방지를 위해 피부를 촉촉하게 유지하는 것입니다. 긁힘을 방지하기 위해 손톱을 짧게 자르고 장갑이나 면 스타킹을 착용하며, 거친 천이나 모직 의복은 피하는 것이 중요합니다.
  • 2. Tinea corporis (ringworm)
    Tinea corporis, 또는 백선증은 피부, 모발, 손톱의 표면 각질층에 발생하는 전염성이 강한 진균 감염입니다. 감염된 동물, 사람, 물건과의 접촉을 통해 감염될 수 있습니다. 치료는 주로 국소 항진균 크림을 사용하며, 국소 요법으로 해결되지 않으면 경구 항진균 약물이 필요할 수 있습니다.
  • 3. Tinea capitis (머리 백선)
    Tinea capitis는 두피 표면에 서식하는 전염성 진균 감염으로, 비늘 같은 병변, 소양증, 홍반성 원형 패치와 함께 탈모가 동반됩니다. 감염된 사람, 동물, 물건(예: 빗, 침구, 수건, 모자)과의 직접적 접촉을 통해 전염됩니다. 치료는 1% 셀레늄 황화물 샴푸와 경구 항진균 약물(예: 그리세오풀빈)을 병용하여 사용합니다.
  • 4. Impetigo (농가진)
    Impetigo는 매우 전염성이 강한 박테리아성 피부 감염으로, 특히 더운 습한 날씨에 어린이에게 흔합니다. 가려움, 작열감, 홍반성 농포가 파열되어 꿀색 딱지가 형성되는 것이 특징입니다. 항생제 연고 및/또는 경구 항생제 치료 시 24-48시간 후 전염성이 없어지며, 일반적으로 1주일 내 치유됩니다. 전염 예방을 위해 손 씻기, 감염 의복/침구 세탁, 손톱 관리 등의 중재가 필요합니다.
  • 5. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
    Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)은 평생 지속되는 바이러스 감염으로, 스트레스나 질병에 의해 재발할 수 있습니다. 초기 감염 시 치은구내염, 인두염, 림프선염, 발열, 불쾌감 등의 증상이 나타나며, 재발 시에는 입술 주변의 통증, 홍반, 수포성 병변이 특징적입니다. 완치 치료법은 없지만 항바이러스 약물로 증상을 완화할 수 있습니다.
  • 6. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APGN)
    급성 감염 후 사구체 신염(APGN)은 피부 또는 상기도 감염, 특히 연쇄구균 감염 약 2-3주 후에 발생하는 면역 반응입니다. 세포 증식으로 인한 백혈구 부종과 침윤으로 신장 혈류와 사구체 여과율이 감소하여 나트륨 저류, 수분 축적, 고혈압, 부종 등의 증상이 나타납니다. 합병증 예방을 위해 신속한 항고혈압제 치료가 필요합니다.
  • 7. Scabies (옴)
    Scabies는 Sarcoptes scabiei 진드기의 고도로 전염성 있는 피부 감염입니다. 특히 밤에 심한 가려움증이 특징이며, 이는 진드기의 알과 대변에 대한 염증 반응 때문입니다. 치료는 스카비사이드 크림(예: 5% 퍼메트린)을 1-2회 도포하는 것이며, 재감염 방지를 위해 접촉자 전원 치료가 필요합니다.
  • 8. Pediculosis capitis (머릿니)
    Pediculosis capitis는 학령기 아동에게 흔한 두피의 기생충 감염입니다. 전파 방지를 위해 뜨거운 물로 의복, 침구, 수건을 세탁하고 건조기에 20분 이상 건조하는 것이 중요합니다. 치료는 살충제 사용과 알(nits) 제거로 이루어집니다.
  • 9. Acne vulgaris (여드름)
    Acne vulgaris는 막힌 피지선에서 발생하는 염증성 피부 질환입니다. 여드름 병변(검은머리, 화농성 여드름, 구진, 결절)을 유발하는 박테리아가 막힌 피지를 소비하고 대사하면서 염증을 일으킵니다. 치료는 국소 및 경구 약물(레티노인, 벤조일퍼옥사이드, 이소트레티노인 등)을 사용하며, 자가 관리로는 비코메도제닉 제품 사용, 건강한 생활습관 등이 도움됩니다.
  • 10. Dehydration
    심각한 탈수 시 정맥 수액 공급이 최우선 치료입니다. 특히 영유아는 성인보다 체수분 비율이 높아 구토, 설사로 인한 체액 손실로 빠르게 탈수될 수 있습니다. 탈수의 징후로는 기면, 함몰 천문, 모세혈관 재충전 시간 증가, 빈맥, 빈호흡 등이 있습니다. 필요 시 항생제 투여와 구토 억제제 사용이 도움될 수 있습니다.
Easy AI와 토픽 톺아보기
  • 1. Atopic dermatitis (eczema 습진)
    Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can cause significant discomfort and impact on a person's quality of life. It is characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin that can worsen with exposure to certain triggers. The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment typically involves a multifaceted approach, including the use of moisturizers, topical corticosteroids, and other medications to manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups. While there is no cure for atopic dermatitis, effective management can help improve the condition and reduce the burden on patients and their families.
  • 2. Tinea corporis (ringworm)
    Tinea corporis, commonly known as ringworm, is a fungal skin infection that can affect various parts of the body. It is characterized by a circular, red, and often itchy rash that can spread outward as the infection progresses. Tinea corporis is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes, which thrive in warm, moist environments. While it is not a serious condition, it can be highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Treatment typically involves the use of topical antifungal medications, and good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of the infection. With proper treatment, most cases of tinea corporis can be resolved, but it is important to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and management.
  • 3. Tinea capitis (머리 백선)
    Tinea capitis, or scalp ringworm, is a fungal infection that primarily affects the scalp and hair. It is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes, which can invade the hair follicles and lead to the development of scaly, itchy patches on the scalp. Tinea capitis is particularly common in children, and it can be highly contagious, spreading through direct contact or the sharing of personal items like combs, brushes, or hats. Treatment typically involves the use of oral antifungal medications, as well as topical treatments to address the visible symptoms. In some cases, the infection may lead to hair loss, but with proper treatment, the hair usually regrows. Preventing the spread of tinea capitis is important, and good hygiene practices, such as avoiding sharing personal items and regularly washing the hair, can help reduce the risk of transmission.
  • 4. Impetigo (농가진)
    Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that primarily affects children. It is characterized by the development of red, itchy sores that can rupture and form a yellow, crusty appearance. Impetigo is typically caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, and it can spread easily through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Treatment usually involves the use of topical or oral antibiotics, depending on the severity of the infection. In addition to medical treatment, good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding the sharing of personal items, are important to prevent the spread of impetigo. While impetigo is generally not a serious condition, it can lead to complications if left untreated, and it is important to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and management.
  • 5. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
    Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the lips, mouth, and surrounding areas. It is characterized by the development of painful blisters or sores, which can recur throughout a person's lifetime. HSV-1 is typically transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces, and it can be particularly problematic for individuals with weakened immune systems. While there is no cure for HSV-1, antiviral medications can help manage the symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks. It is important to practice good hygiene, avoid direct contact with infected individuals, and seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen. With proper management, most people with HSV-1 can lead relatively normal lives, but it is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing care and attention.
  • 6. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APGN)
    Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APGN) is a serious kidney condition that can develop as a complication of certain bacterial infections, such as streptococcal infections. It is characterized by inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, the tiny filters within the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. APGN can lead to a range of symptoms, including swelling, high blood pressure, and decreased kidney function. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, it is believed that the immune system's response to the initial infection can trigger an autoimmune reaction that damages the kidneys. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying infection, managing the symptoms, and supporting the kidneys through the use of medications and dietary modifications. In some cases, APGN can lead to long-term kidney damage or even kidney failure, so prompt medical attention and ongoing monitoring are essential for managing this condition effectively.
  • 7. Scabies (옴)
    Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterized by intense itching, especially at night, and the development of small, red, itchy bumps or burrows on the skin. Scabies is typically spread through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual or by sharing personal items like clothing, bedding, or towels. Treatment typically involves the use of topical or oral medications to kill the mites and alleviate the symptoms. It is important to treat all household members and thoroughly clean the home to prevent the spread of the infestation. While scabies is not a serious condition, it can be highly uncomfortable and disruptive to daily life. Seeking prompt medical attention and following the recommended treatment regimen is crucial for effectively managing and eradicating the infestation.
  • 8. Pediculosis capitis (머릿니)
    Pediculosis capitis, or head lice infestation, is a common problem, particularly among school-aged children. It is caused by the parasitic insect Pediculus humanus capitis, which feeds on human blood and lays its eggs (nits) on the hair shaft. Head lice can be highly contagious and can spread through direct head-to-head contact or the sharing of personal items like combs, brushes, or hats. Symptoms of head lice include intense itching, the presence of live lice, and the appearance of nits attached to the hair. Treatment typically involves the use of topical insecticides or manual removal of the lice and nits. It is important to treat all affected individuals and thoroughly clean the home environment to prevent the spread of the infestation. While head lice are not a serious health concern, they can be a nuisance and can cause significant discomfort if left untreated. Maintaining good hygiene practices and seeking prompt medical attention can help effectively manage and eradicate head lice infestations.
  • 9. Acne vulgaris (여드름)
    Acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne, is a common skin condition that affects individuals of all ages, but it is particularly prevalent during adolescence. It is characterized by the development of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and other types of blemishes on the skin, primarily on the face, chest, and back. Acne is caused by a combination of factors, including hormonal changes, excess oil production, and the clogging of pores. While acne is not a serious health condition, it can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and emotional well-being. Treatment options for acne range from over-the-counter topical medications to prescription oral and topical treatments, depending on the severity of the condition. Maintaining good skin hygiene, avoiding irritants, and seeking professional medical advice can help manage acne and improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.
  • 10. Dehydration
    Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, resulting in an imbalance of water and electrolytes. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including excessive sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, and inadequate fluid intake. Dehydration can range in severity from mild to severe, and it can lead to a variety of symptoms, such as thirst, fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. In severe cases, dehydration can be life-threatening and can lead to organ damage or failure. Proper hydration is essential for maintaining overall health and well-being, and it is important to address dehydration promptly by replenishing fluids and electrolytes. This may involve the use of oral rehydration solutions, intravenous fluids, or other medical interventions, depending on the severity of the condition. Preventive measures, such as drinking enough water and maintaining a balanced diet, can also help reduce the risk of dehydration.