Anatomy Seminar 2015 & 2020 모의문제

문서 내 토픽

1. Neck and pectoral region

Axilla의 boundary를 기술하였고, 어깨 통증을 유발하는 cervical spine level과 그에 해당하는 대표적인 신경을 설명하였습니다. 또한 brachial plexus의 3가지 cord에서 branch하는 신경을 기술하였고, carotid sheath 안에 싸여있는 구조물 중 deep cervical lymph node를 제외한 나머지를 설명하였습니다. Occipital triangle을 이루는 구조물과 그 안을 통과하는 신경, 그리고 손상 받은 신경과 약화된 근육, thoracic outlet syndrome에서 눌릴 수 있는 4가지 경우를 기술하였습니다.
2. Shoulder and upper arm region

오토바이 사고 후 상완 신경총의 upper motor type 손상으로 진단받은 환자의 가장 낮은 증상, 목 후방 림프절 절제술 후 견관절 능동적 움직임 감소로 내원한 환자의 손상된 신경과 마비된 근육, Latarjet operation 시 sling effect를 가지는 두 가지 근육, quadriangular space syndrome 환자에서 이론상 마비될 수 있는 근육 두 가지를 기술하였습니다. 또한 deltopectoral approach, impingement 양성 환자의 적절한 치료, quadrangular space syndrome의 경계와 내부 구조물을 설명하였습니다.
3. Elbow and forearm

elbow medial/lateral collateral ligament complex에서 생역학적으로 가장 중요한 구조물, 척골 동맥의 주행 경로, Esses-Lopresti 손상이 의심되는 acute radial head and neck fracture 시 주의할 점, elbow의 medial/lateral collateral ligament complex 구성 요소, 요골두 절제술 시 주의해야 할 신경과 전완부 위치, Thompson 도달법 시 절개하는 근육 조합을 기술하였습니다.
4. Wrist and hand

척골 신경에 의해 지배되지 않는 근육, wrist의 extensor compartments 중 3rd compartment에 있는 건, median nerve와 ulnar nerve 사이의 communication 명칭, flexor tendon sheath에서 origin하여 extensor mechanism의 terminal tendon에 insertion하는 ligament, 수근부 radial deviation 시 월상골과 주상골의 운동방향, TFCC fovea repair 적응증, 수근관 증후군 환자의 손상된 신경, 무지 중수지관절 척측 통증 환자의 정복을 방해하는 구조물을 설명하였습니다.
5. Gluteal, Posterior thigh

superior gluteal nerve branch to tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus의 주된 insertion 부위와 지배신경, lesser sciatic foramen을 통과하는 구조물, transgluteal approach 시 gluteus medius의 splitting 범위 제한 이유, posterior approach 시 출혈을 일으키는 혈관을 기술하였습니다.
6. Hip, anterior thigh

ilioinguinal approach 시 절제해야 할 구조물, 비구 사진의 rectus femoris tendon, 지배 신경이 다른 근육, superior gluteal nerve branch to tensor fasciae latae를 설명하였습니다. 또한 THRA를 위한 direct anterior approach와 modified Gibson approach 시 주의해야 할 동맥과 신경을 기술하였습니다.

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1. Neck and pectoral region

The neck and pectoral region are critical areas of the human body, playing vital roles in various functions such as breathing, swallowing, and supporting the head and upper body. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of this region is essential for healthcare professionals, as it can help in the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions affecting the neck and chest. The neck is composed of seven cervical vertebrae, muscles, and various structures such as the trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels. The pectoral region, on the other hand, includes the chest wall, breast tissue, and the underlying musculature, including the pectoralis major and minor muscles. These muscles are responsible for the movement and stabilization of the shoulder joint, as well as the overall function of the upper limb. Injuries or conditions affecting the neck and pectoral region can have significant impacts on an individual's quality of life, ranging from pain and limited mobility to more serious complications such as respiratory or swallowing difficulties. Thorough understanding of the anatomy and potential pathologies in this region is crucial for healthcare providers to develop effective treatment plans and rehabilitation strategies. Furthermore, the neck and pectoral region are also important from an aesthetic perspective, as they contribute to the overall appearance and body image of an individual. Conditions such as neck deformities, breast asymmetry, or muscle imbalances can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and confidence. Addressing these issues through appropriate medical interventions or cosmetic procedures can greatly improve the patient's well-being and quality of life.
2. Shoulder and upper arm region

The shoulder and upper arm region is a complex and critical area of the human body, responsible for a wide range of movements and functions. This region includes the shoulder joint, the humerus (upper arm bone), and the associated muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. The muscles of the shoulder and upper arm, such as the deltoid, rotator cuff, and biceps, work together to provide this mobility and stability to the joint. Injuries or conditions affecting the shoulder and upper arm region can have significant impacts on an individual's daily activities and quality of life. Common issues in this area include rotator cuff tears, shoulder impingement, instability, and fractures. These conditions can lead to pain, limited range of motion, and decreased strength, which can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform tasks such as reaching, lifting, and carrying. Proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder and upper arm region is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and effectively treat these conditions. Rehabilitation strategies, such as physical therapy and targeted exercises, can play a vital role in restoring function and improving the patient's overall well-being. Furthermore, the shoulder and upper arm region is also important from an aesthetic perspective, as it contributes to the overall appearance and body image of an individual. Conditions such as muscle imbalances or deformities can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and confidence. Addressing these issues through appropriate medical interventions or cosmetic procedures can greatly improve the patient's well-being and quality of life.
3. Elbow and forearm

The elbow and forearm region is a critical area of the human body, responsible for a wide range of movements and functions. This region includes the elbow joint, the radius and ulna (forearm bones), and the associated muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The elbow joint is a hinge joint, allowing for flexion and extension of the forearm. The muscles of the forearm, such as the biceps, brachialis, and brachioradialis, work together to provide this mobility and stability to the joint. The forearm also houses important structures such as the median, ulnar, and radial nerves, as well as the major blood vessels that supply the hand and fingers. Injuries or conditions affecting the elbow and forearm region can have significant impacts on an individual's daily activities and quality of life. Common issues in this area include elbow fractures, sprains, tendinitis, and nerve entrapments. These conditions can lead to pain, limited range of motion, and decreased strength, which can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform tasks such as lifting, gripping, and fine motor skills. Proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow and forearm region is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and effectively treat these conditions. Rehabilitation strategies, such as physical therapy and targeted exercises, can play a vital role in restoring function and improving the patient's overall well-being. Furthermore, the elbow and forearm region is also important from an aesthetic perspective, as it contributes to the overall appearance and body image of an individual. Conditions such as muscle imbalances or deformities can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and confidence. Addressing these issues through appropriate medical interventions or cosmetic procedures can greatly improve the patient's well-being and quality of life.
4. Wrist and hand

The wrist and hand region is a highly complex and intricate area of the human body, responsible for a wide range of movements and functions. This region includes the wrist joint, the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges (bones of the hand), and the associated muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The wrist joint is a complex joint that allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the hand. The hand itself is a remarkable structure, with a unique combination of mobility and dexterity, enabling us to perform a vast array of tasks, from fine motor skills to powerful gripping. Injuries or conditions affecting the wrist and hand region can have significant impacts on an individual's daily activities and quality of life. Common issues in this area include wrist fractures, sprains, carpal tunnel syndrome, and finger injuries. These conditions can lead to pain, limited range of motion, and decreased strength, which can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform tasks such as writing, typing, and grasping objects. Proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the wrist and hand region is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and effectively treat these conditions. Rehabilitation strategies, such as physical therapy and occupational therapy, can play a vital role in restoring function and improving the patient's overall well-being. Furthermore, the wrist and hand region is also important from an aesthetic perspective, as it contributes to the overall appearance and body image of an individual. Conditions such as deformities or scarring can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and confidence. Addressing these issues through appropriate medical interventions or cosmetic procedures can greatly improve the patient's well-being and quality of life.
5. Gluteal, Posterior thigh

The gluteal and posterior thigh region is a critical area of the human body, responsible for a wide range of movements and functions. This region includes the gluteal muscles (gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus), the hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus), and the associated tendons and ligaments. The gluteal muscles are the largest and strongest muscles in the human body, playing a crucial role in hip extension, abduction, and external rotation. The hamstring muscles, on the other hand, are responsible for hip extension and knee flexion, allowing for movements such as walking, running, and climbing. Injuries or conditions affecting the gluteal and posterior thigh region can have significant impacts on an individual's daily activities and quality of life. Common issues in this area include gluteal muscle strains, hamstring tears, piriformis syndrome, and sciatica. These conditions can lead to pain, limited range of motion, and decreased strength, which can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform tasks such as walking, standing, and sitting. Proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the gluteal and posterior thigh region is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and effectively treat these conditions. Rehabilitation strategies, such as physical therapy and targeted exercises, can play a vital role in restoring function and improving the patient's overall well-being. Furthermore, the gluteal and posterior thigh region is also important from an aesthetic perspective, as it contributes to the overall appearance and body image of an individual. Conditions such as muscle imbalances or deformities can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and confidence. Addressing these issues through appropriate medical interventions or cosmetic procedures can greatly improve the patient's well-being and quality of life.
6. Hip, anterior thigh

The hip and anterior thigh region is a critical area of the human body, responsible for a wide range of movements and functions. This region includes the hip joint, the femur (thigh bone), and the associated muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. The muscles of the anterior thigh, such as the quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius), work together to provide this mobility and stability to the joint. Injuries or conditions affecting the hip and anterior thigh region can have significant impacts on an individual's daily activities and quality of life. Common issues in this area include hip fractures, osteoarthritis, bursitis, and tendinitis. These conditions can lead to pain, limited range of motion, and decreased strength, which can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform tasks such as walking, climbing stairs, and performing daily activities. Proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the hip and anterior thigh region is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and effectively treat these conditions. Rehabilitation strategies, such as physical therapy and targeted exercises, can play a vital role in restoring function and improving the patient's overall well-being. Furthermore, the hip and anterior thigh region is also important from an aesthetic perspective, as it contributes to the overall appearance and body image of an individual. Conditions such as muscle imbalances or deformities can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and confidence. Addressing these issues through appropriate medical interventions or cosmetic procedures can greatly improve the patient's well-being and quality of life.