여가심리_심리학개념에 따른 여가행위

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1. Psychocentric & Allocentric

Psychocentric과 Allocentric의 연속성은 여행목적지 선택이 성격을 반영한다는 것이다. Psychocentric 관광객들은 친숙하고 잘 알려진 목적지를 선택하고 새로운 경험에 대해서 개방적이지 않은 경향이 있다. 반대로 Allocentric 관광객들은 탐험이나 위험을 감수하는 활동을 즐기며, 새롭고, 낯설고, 예측할 수 없는 환경을 선호하는 경향이 있다. 이러한 특성 외에도 성격적인 측면을 반영하여 사람들은 여행 목적지를 선택한다. 그리고 이들 사이의 중간 여행자들이 존재하는데 그들은 자신의 문화와 생활환경과 적당히 다르면서 친숙한 환경을 선호하는 경향이 있다.
2. Peak-end rule

의사결정을 함에 있어서 잘 선택하는 것은 어렵고 사람들은 종종 나쁜 판단을 하기도 한다. 선택에는 다양한 종류의 효용이 있는데 그 중 기억된 효용의 예시 중 Peak-end rule이 있다. 이것은 과거의 경험을 말하며 두 가지에 의해서 결정되는데 첫 번째는 그 경험이 최고의 순간에서 어떻게 느껴지는지(최고 or 최악)이고, 두 번째는 그 경험이 끝날 때 그것들은 어떻게 느껴지는지 이다. 이를 뒷받침하는 증거가 있는데 그 중 하나는 '소음경험'이다. 사람들은 경험에 있어서 Peak보다는 End를 중요하게 생각하는 것을 알 수 있다.
3. Framing

Framing이란 맥락이 선택에 영향을 미치고 이 맥락은 언어에 의해서 만들어진다는 효과이다. 예를 들어, 여가를 즐기기 위해 놀이공원 티켓을 구매하려고 한다. 이때 두 가지 다른 표시를 발견하게 된다. A : 현금결제시 30% 할인된 가격! 24500원/카드결제시 35000원, B : 현금결제시 24500원/카드결제시 35000원. 이 때 가격구조에 있어서는 차이가 없지만 많은 사람들은 할인된 가격으로 표를 구매할 수 있다는 A를 선택하는 경향이 있다. 즉, 어떤 언어를 쓰는지에 따라 사람들의 반응이 달라진다는 것이다.

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1. Psychocentric & Allocentric

Psychocentric and allocentric are two distinct perspectives that individuals can adopt when perceiving and interacting with the world around them. The psychocentric perspective is characterized by a self-centered, egocentric view, where the individual's own needs, desires, and experiences are the primary focus. In contrast, the allocentric perspective involves a more outward-looking, other-oriented approach, where the individual considers the needs and perspectives of others, as well as the broader context and environment. The choice between these two perspectives can have significant implications for an individual's decision-making, behavior, and relationships. A psychocentric approach may lead to more self-serving decisions and a lack of empathy or consideration for others, while an allocentric perspective can foster greater cooperation, understanding, and consideration of diverse viewpoints. Ultimately, the ability to flexibly shift between these two perspectives, depending on the situation and context, is often considered a hallmark of emotional intelligence and social competence. By cultivating both psychocentric and allocentric awareness, individuals can develop a more nuanced and balanced understanding of the world, leading to more effective and fulfilling interactions with others.
2. Peak-end rule

The peak-end rule is a cognitive bias that suggests people's overall evaluation of an experience is primarily influenced by the most intense (peak) moment and the final (end) moment, rather than the entirety of the experience. This phenomenon has significant implications for how individuals perceive and remember events, as well as how they make decisions and form judgments. From a psychological perspective, the peak-end rule highlights the human tendency to prioritize and remember salient emotional moments over the more mundane or forgettable aspects of an experience. This can lead to biases in retrospective evaluations, where a negative experience may be perceived as more positive if it ends on a high note, or a positive experience may be tainted by a particularly unpleasant peak moment. The practical applications of the peak-end rule are wide-ranging, from customer service and product design to healthcare and education. By understanding and leveraging this cognitive bias, organizations and individuals can optimize experiences to create more positive and memorable impressions, ultimately leading to better outcomes and stronger relationships. However, it is important to recognize the potential limitations of the peak-end rule, as it can also lead to distortions in decision-making and a failure to consider the full context of an experience. A balanced approach that acknowledges both the peak-end rule and other cognitive biases can help individuals and organizations make more informed and nuanced decisions.
3. Framing

Framing is a cognitive bias that refers to the way in which the presentation or context of information can influence an individual's perception and decision-making. The way a problem or choice is framed, whether in terms of gains or losses, risks or benefits, can have a significant impact on how people respond and the decisions they make. The power of framing lies in its ability to tap into our innate cognitive biases and heuristics, which can lead us to make decisions that may not be fully rational or aligned with our long-term interests. For example, people tend to be more risk-averse when choices are framed in terms of potential losses, rather than potential gains, even if the underlying outcomes are the same. Understanding and recognizing the influence of framing is crucial in a wide range of contexts, from personal finance and healthcare to public policy and marketing. By being aware of how framing can shape our perceptions and decisions, we can strive to make more informed and objective choices, and avoid being unduly influenced by the way information is presented. At the same time, the strategic use of framing can also be a powerful tool for influencing behavior and decision-making, both for good and for ill. Ethical considerations around the use of framing are important, as it can be used to manipulate or mislead, as well as to help people make more informed and beneficial choices. Ultimately, the study of framing highlights the complex interplay between cognition, emotion, and context in human decision-making, and underscores the importance of developing a nuanced understanding of these processes to navigate the modern world more effectively.

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