NCLEX 요약정리 (+NGN 포함) - 성인간호 cardiovascular (EKG 상세, 이미지 포함)

문서 내 토픽

• 1. Heart failure (HF)

  심부전 환자의 증상으로는 호흡곤란, 호흡음 크래클, 체중 증가, 말초 부종 등이 있으며, 이는 급성 심부전 악화로 인한 체액 과부하를 나타냅니다. 이러한 환자는 이뇨제 치료를 받게 되며, 호흡 증상(SpO2 90%, 호흡음 크래클, 빠른 호흡, 호흡곤란, 호흡 곤란)은 폐부종을 나타냅니다. 간호 계획 시 12lead ECG, 흉부 X선, 현재 체중, 전해질 수치 등을 확인해야 합니다. 또한 기립성 저혈압 등의 약물 부작용도 고려해야 합니다.

• 2. Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia

  고칼륨혈증과 저칼륨혈증 관리가 필요합니다. 고칼륨혈증 치료로는 알부테롤 네뷸라이저와 정맥 인슐린 투여로 일시적인 칼륨 감소, 그리고 루프 이뇨제 투여로 칼륨 배출을 촉진합니다. 또한 칼슘 글루코네이트 투여로 심근 세포막 안정화를 도모합니다.

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• 1. Heart failure (HF)

  Heart failure (HF) is a complex and serious medical condition that occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively throughout the body. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, and difficulty with physical activity. HF can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions, such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and certain types of heart valve problems. The treatment of HF typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, medical procedures or devices. Lifestyle changes may include a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management. Medications used to treat HF can include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and beta-blockers, among others. In more severe cases, patients may require procedures such as cardiac catheterization, pacemaker implantation, or even heart transplantation. It is important for individuals with HF to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses their specific needs and symptoms. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are also crucial to managing the condition and preventing complications. With proper treatment and management, many individuals with HF can improve their quality of life and live longer, healthier lives.

• 2. Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia

  Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia are two conditions that involve an imbalance in the levels of potassium in the body. Hyperkalemia is a condition where there is an excess of potassium in the blood, while hypokalemia is a condition where there is a deficiency of potassium in the blood. Hyperkalemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including kidney disease, certain medications, and excessive intake of potassium-rich foods. Symptoms of hyperkalemia can include muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest. Treatment for hyperkalemia typically involves reducing the amount of potassium in the body, either through dietary changes, medications, or dialysis. Hypokalemia, on the other hand, can be caused by excessive loss of potassium through the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, or sweat. Symptoms of hypokalemia can include muscle cramps, fatigue, and an irregular heartbeat. Treatment for hypokalemia typically involves replacing the lost potassium, either through dietary changes or potassium supplements. It is important for individuals with either hyperkalemia or hypokalemia to work closely with their healthcare providers to monitor their condition and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Proper management of these conditions is crucial to preventing serious complications and maintaining overall health and well-being.