사회복지정책론 사회복지정책학자 5인 보고서

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1. Peter Townsend

피터 타운센드는 영국의 사회학자이자 국제사회 정책 교수이며 아동 빈곤 퇴치 그룹의 공동 창립자입니다. 그는 사회정책이란 공공행정과 관련된 정책이며 이것은 일반적으로 인정된 특수한 사회문제를 시정하거나 사회 목적을 추구하기 위한 국가와 지방당국의 건강, 교육, 복지 및 사회보장서비스와 같은 서비스의 개발과 관리에 관련된 정책이라고 주장했습니다. 그는 사회복지 정책의 주요 영역을 소득, 건강, 교육, 주택, 대인적 사회서비스로 구분하여 정책형성 틀을 만드는데 기여했고, 특히 풍요로운 사회의 빈곤문제에 대해 깊이 다루었습니다.
2. Esping-Andersen

에스핑-앤더슨은 자본주의 경제 안에서 복지국가에 주요한 초점을 둔 사회학자입니다. 그는 탈상품화 이론을 제시하여 사회복지정책의 시장 영향력 완화 정도를 분석하는 틀을 만들었습니다. 또한 복지국가를 자유주의적, 조합주의적, 사회민주주의적 유형으로 구분하여 제시했습니다.
3. Adolph Wagner

아돌프 바그너는 19세기 독일 신역사학파의 주요한 인물 중 한명이자 사회정책학파 재정학의 집대성자이며 자산계급 근대 재정학의 창시자입니다. 그는 사회정책이란 '분배과정에서 제 폐해를 입법 및 행정의 수단으로서 항쟁하려는 국가의 정책'이라고 주장했습니다. 그의 '바그너 법칙'은 산업경제가 발전함에 따라 국민총생산에서 차지하는 공공지출의 몫도 증대하게 된다는 공공 부문 팽창의 법칙을 말합니다.
4. Neil Gilbert & Harry Specht

길버트와 스펙트는 사회복지정책을 '사회복지의 제도화'라고 포괄적으로 지칭했습니다. 그들은 기존의 보편주의와 선별주의 논쟁과는 다른 새로운 자격요건의 원칙으로 귀속적 욕구, 보상, 진단적 차별, 자산조사에 의한 욕구 등 4가지를 제안했습니다. 또한 보충적(잔여적) 모형과 제도적(보편적) 모형을 구분하여 제시했습니다.
5. Wilensky

월렌스키는 사회복지제도를 잔여적 개념과 제도적 개념으로 양대분하여 설명했습니다. 잔여적 개념은 가족이나 시장경제가 개인의 문제나 욕구를 해결할 수 없을 때 국가가 일정기간 개입해서 기본적인 삶을 유지해주는 보완적인 기능을 말합니다. 제도적 개념은 사회복지가 사회의 정상적인 주요 제도로서 기능하는 것을 의미합니다.

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1. Peter Townsend

Peter Townsend was a prominent British sociologist who made significant contributions to the field of social policy and the study of poverty and social welfare. His work focused on understanding the experiences and living conditions of the elderly and disadvantaged populations in the UK. Townsend's research challenged the prevailing assumptions about poverty and social welfare, arguing that poverty was not just a lack of income, but a multidimensional phenomenon that encompassed various aspects of social exclusion and deprivation. His landmark book, 'The Family Life of Old People', published in 1957, provided a detailed examination of the living conditions and social networks of older adults, challenging the stereotypes and misconceptions about aging. Townsend's work was instrumental in shaping the development of social policies and programs aimed at addressing the needs of the elderly and the poor, and his influence can still be felt in contemporary debates on social welfare and inequality.
2. Esping-Andersen

Gøsta Esping-Andersen was a prominent Danish sociologist and political scientist who made significant contributions to the field of comparative welfare state research. His 1990 book, 'The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism', is considered a seminal work in the field, as it introduced a typology of welfare state regimes that has become widely used in the analysis of social policies and their impact on social outcomes. Esping-Andersen's typology identified three main welfare state regimes: the liberal, the conservative-corporatist, and the social-democratic. Each regime was characterized by distinct approaches to the role of the state, the market, and the family in the provision of social welfare. Esping-Andersen's work has been influential in shaping our understanding of the diversity of welfare state models and their implications for social inequality, labor market dynamics, and the well-being of individuals and families. His research has also been instrumental in highlighting the importance of considering the historical, political, and institutional contexts in which welfare states develop and evolve.
3. Adolph Wagner

Adolph Wagner was a German economist and sociologist who is best known for his contributions to the theory of public finance and the role of the state in the economy. Wagner's law, also known as the 'law of increasing state activity', posits that as a country's economy develops, the relative size of its public sector will grow, with the government taking on an increasingly active role in the provision of public goods and services. Wagner's work was influential in shaping the understanding of the relationship between economic development and the growth of the public sector, and his ideas have been widely debated and tested in the field of public finance and political economy. While Wagner's law has been the subject of much empirical scrutiny and debate, his work remains an important contribution to the theoretical foundations of the role of the state in modern economies. Wagner's insights continue to inform contemporary discussions on the appropriate scope and scale of government intervention in the economy, particularly in the context of debates around the welfare state and the provision of public services.
4. Neil Gilbert & Harry Specht

Neil Gilbert and Harry Specht were two prominent American social work scholars who made significant contributions to the field of social welfare policy and practice. Their work focused on the role of the state in the provision of social services and the ways in which social policies and programs can be designed and implemented to effectively address the needs of vulnerable populations. Gilbert and Specht's research and writings explored a range of issues, including the tensions between individual and collective responsibility, the balance between public and private sector involvement in social welfare, and the challenges of balancing efficiency and equity in the delivery of social services. Their work was influential in shaping the development of social work education and practice, as well as in informing debates on the appropriate role of government in addressing social problems. Gilbert and Specht's contributions continue to be relevant in contemporary discussions on the future of the welfare state and the evolving nature of social service delivery.
5. Wilensky

Harold Wilensky was a prominent American sociologist who made significant contributions to the study of the welfare state and the political economy of advanced industrial societies. Wilensky's work focused on understanding the factors that shape the development and evolution of welfare state institutions, with a particular emphasis on the role of economic, political, and demographic factors. His 1975 book, 'The Welfare State and Equality', is considered a seminal work in the field, as it provided a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between economic development, political institutions, and the growth of social welfare programs. Wilensky's research challenged the prevailing assumptions about the determinants of welfare state development, arguing that factors such as the level of economic development, the structure of the labor market, and the political power of organized labor were more important than ideological or cultural factors. Wilensky's work has been highly influential in shaping the field of comparative welfare state research and continues to be relevant in contemporary debates on the future of the welfare state and the challenges of addressing social inequality in the context of globalization and demographic change.

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