Pharm4Fum Worksheet 조현병(David Carter)

문서 내 토픽

1. Olanzapine

Olanzapine은 비정형 항정신병 약물로, 조현병의 양성적 증상과 음성적 증상의 급성 치료 및 유지 치료에 사용됩니다. 또한 양극성 장애 I형과 관련된 조증 및 혼재삽화, 우울삽화의 치료에도 사용됩니다. 초기 권장 용량은 조현병의 경우 1일 5-10mg, 양극성 장애의 경우 1일 5-15mg이며, 유지 치료 시 1일 10-20mg을 투여합니다. 부작용으로는 체중 증가, 갈증, 졸음 및 현기증, 기립성 저혈압 등이 있으며, 이에 대한 간호 중재가 필요합니다.
2. Venlafaxine XR

Venlafaxine XR은 세로토닌 및 노르에피네프린 재흡수 억제제(SNRI)로, 우울증, 범불안장애, 사회공포증, 공황장애 등의 치료에 사용됩니다. 초기 용량은 1일 75mg이며, 필요 시 최대 1일 225mg까지 증량할 수 있습니다. 부작용으로는 구역, 변비, 피로감, 현기증, 불면, 자살 충동 등이 있으며, 이에 대한 간호 중재가 필요합니다.
3. Haloperidol

Haloperidol은 정형 항정신병 약물로, 조현병, 제1형 양극성 장애와 관련된 조증 삽화, 정신병적 장애의 증상, 투렛증후군, 구토, 딸꾹질 등의 치료에 사용됩니다. 1일 1-15mg을 2-3회 분할 투여하며, 중증의 경우 최대 100mg까지 투여할 수 있습니다. 부작용으로는 구역/구토, 불면, 피로감, 현기증, 입 마름, 체중 증가, 기립성 저혈압 등이 있으며, 이에 대한 간호 중재가 필요합니다.
4. Lorazepam

Lorazepam은 벤조디아제핀계 항불안제로, 신경증 및 정신신체장애에서의 불안, 긴장, 우울 감소, 마취 전 투약 등에 사용됩니다. 성인의 경우 1일 1-4mg을 2-3회 분할 투여하며, 신경증 및 정신신체장애의 경우 1일 최대 10mg까지 투여할 수 있습니다. 부작용으로는 피로감, 불면, 불안, 금단증상, 기립성 저혈압 등이 있으며, 이에 대한 간호 중재가 필요합니다.
5. Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen은 비마약성 중추성 진통제로, 해열 및 감기에 의한 통증, 두통, 치통, 근육통, 허리통증, 생리통, 관절통 등의 완화에 사용됩니다. 12세 이상 소아 및 성인의 경우 매 8시간마다 650mg씩 복용하며, 24시간 동안 6정을 초과하지 않도록 합니다. 부작용으로는 구토, 부종, 저혈압, 두드러기, 복통 등이 있으며, 이에 대한 간호 중재가 필요합니다.

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1. Olanzapine

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by modulating the activity of various neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine and serotonin. Olanzapine has been shown to be effective in reducing the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as in stabilizing mood in individuals with bipolar disorder. However, it is also associated with a range of potential side effects, including weight gain, metabolic changes, and sedation. Careful monitoring and management of these side effects is important for ensuring the safe and effective use of olanzapine. Overall, olanzapine can be a valuable tool in the treatment of certain mental health conditions, but its use requires close collaboration between patients and healthcare providers to optimize outcomes and minimize risks.
2. Venlafaxine XR

Venlafaxine XR (extended-release) is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) medication used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and sometimes chronic pain conditions. The extended-release formulation allows for a more gradual and sustained release of the active ingredient, which can help to improve tolerability and reduce the risk of side effects compared to the immediate-release version. Venlafaxine XR has been shown to be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety, and it may also have some benefits in the management of certain types of chronic pain. However, like other antidepressants, it can also be associated with side effects such as nausea, dry mouth, constipation, and increased blood pressure. Careful monitoring and dose titration is important to ensure the safe and effective use of venlafaxine XR. Overall, it can be a valuable treatment option for individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, or certain chronic pain conditions, but its use requires close collaboration with a healthcare provider.
3. Haloperidol

Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic medication primarily used to treat schizophrenia, acute psychosis, and other mental health conditions. It works by blocking the action of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the regulation of mood, cognition, and behavior. Haloperidol has been shown to be effective in reducing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions and hallucinations, as well as in managing agitation and aggression in individuals with certain mental health disorders. However, it is also associated with a range of potential side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (such as tremors, muscle stiffness, and restlessness), sedation, and cardiovascular effects. Careful monitoring and management of these side effects is crucial for ensuring the safe and effective use of haloperidol. Additionally, the use of haloperidol may require close collaboration between patients, healthcare providers, and caregivers to optimize outcomes and minimize risks. Overall, haloperidol can be a valuable tool in the treatment of certain mental health conditions, but its use requires a thoughtful and comprehensive approach to patient care.
4. Lorazepam

Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine medication primarily used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and certain types of seizures. It works by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in regulating neuronal excitability and promoting relaxation. Lorazepam has been shown to be effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety and in providing short-term relief for insomnia. It can also be used as a rescue medication for the management of certain types of seizures. However, like other benzodiazepines, lorazepam is associated with a range of potential side effects, including sedation, cognitive impairment, and the risk of dependence and withdrawal. Careful consideration of the risks and benefits, as well as close monitoring and management of side effects, is essential for the safe and effective use of lorazepam. Additionally, the use of lorazepam may require close collaboration between patients, healthcare providers, and caregivers to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize risks. Overall, lorazepam can be a valuable tool in the management of certain mental health and neurological conditions, but its use requires a thoughtful and comprehensive approach to patient care.
5. Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is a widely used over-the-counter medication primarily used to relieve pain and reduce fever. It is considered a safe and effective option for the management of mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, muscle aches, and menstrual cramps, as well as for the reduction of fever. Acetaminophen works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in the perception of pain and the regulation of body temperature. Unlike non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen does not have anti-inflammatory properties and is generally well-tolerated, with a relatively low risk of side effects when taken at recommended doses. However, it is important to note that excessive or prolonged use of acetaminophen can lead to liver damage, particularly in individuals with underlying liver disease or who consume alcohol regularly. Careful consideration of the appropriate dosage and duration of use, as well as close monitoring for any signs of adverse effects, is essential for the safe and effective use of acetaminophen. Overall, acetaminophen can be a valuable and widely-used option for the management of pain and fever, but its use requires a thoughtful and responsible approach to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize risks.