가족 스트레스 중재_The ABCX Formula and the Double ABCX Model

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• 1. ABCX Formula

  ABCX Formula는 가족 스트레스 모델의 기초로, 주로 가족의 전위기 변인들에 초점을 맞춘다. A는 위기 촉발 사건/스트레스원, B는 가족의 위기 대처 자원, C는 사건에 대한 가족의 정의, X는 위기를 의미한다. A, B, C 요인들의 상호작용이 X를 만들어낸다.

• 2. ABCX Formula의 개념적 틀

  ABCX Formula의 개념적 틀은 다음과 같다: A(스트레스원) - B(가족 자원) - C(사건에 대한 정의) ----------- X(위기). A는 스트레스원과 고난을 포함하며, B는 가족 조직의 적절성/부적절성을 결정하는 가족의 총체적 능력이다. C는 A(스트레스원)에 대한 가족의 주관적 정의/해석으로, 이에 따라 위기 발생 여부가 결정된다.

• 3. ABCX Formula에 대한 비평

  ABCX Formula의 한계점으로는 선형적이고 결정론적인 모델이라는 점, 자원을 위기 대처라고 부르는 것이 적절하지 않다는 점 등이 지적된다. 하지만 ABCX Formula는 대부분의 가족 스트레스 모델의 기초가 되고 있다.

• 4. Double ABCX Model

  Double ABCX Model은 ABCX Formula를 확장한 모델로, 전위기 변수 외에 위기 이후 변인들을 포함한다. a는 초기 스트레스원, b는 기존 자원, c는 a에 대한 인식, x는 위기, aA는 축적, bB는 기존 및 새로운 자원, cC는 x, aA, bB에 대한 인식을 의미한다. 대처와 적응이 위기 이후 과정에서 중요한 역할을 한다.

• 5. Double ABCX Model의 개념적 틀

  Double ABCX Model의 개념적 틀은 다음과 같다: 전위기(a, b, c) - 위기(x) - 위기 이후(aA, bB, cC, 대처, 적응(순적응/부적응)). 전위기 변수가 위기를 초래하고, 위기 이후 aA, bB, cC 요인들에 대한 대처 과정의 결과가 부적응 또는 순적응으로 나타난다.

• 6. Double ABCX Model의 비평

  Double ABCX Model의 긍정적인 측면은 전위기, 위기, 위기 이후 변수를 모두 포함하고 있다는 점, b를 '위기 대처 자원'에서 '기존 자원'으로 변경한 것이 적절하다는 점 등이다. 부정적인 측면으로는 c를 스트레스원의 정의가 아닌 인식이라고 부르는 것에 대한 근거 부족, 대처가 지속적으로 진행되고 있다는 점을 간과했다는 점 등이 지적된다.

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• 1. ABCX Formula

  The ABCX Formula is a conceptual framework developed by Reuben Hill in 1949 to understand family stress and coping. It proposes that a family's response to a stressful event (the 'X' factor) is influenced by the interaction of three key elements: the family's perception of the event (the 'A' factor), the family's existing resources to deal with the event (the 'B' factor), and the family's crisis-meeting strategies (the 'C' factor). This model provides a useful lens for analyzing how families navigate challenging situations and highlights the importance of both internal and external factors in shaping their resilience. However, the model has been criticized for oversimplifying the complex dynamics of family systems and failing to account for the influence of broader sociocultural contexts. Additionally, the linear, causal nature of the model may not fully capture the recursive and nonlinear nature of family processes. Overall, the ABCX Formula remains a foundational concept in family stress and coping research, but its limitations should be acknowledged when applying it to real-world situations.

• 2. Critiques of the ABCX Formula

  The ABCX Formula has been the subject of various critiques over the years. One of the primary criticisms is that the model oversimplifies the complex dynamics of family systems by presenting a linear, causal relationship between the 'A', 'B', 'C', and 'X' factors. In reality, family processes are often recursive, nonlinear, and influenced by a multitude of interacting factors, both within the family and in the broader sociocultural context. The model has also been criticized for its lack of attention to the influence of power dynamics, gender roles, and cultural norms on family functioning. Additionally, the ABCX Formula has been accused of being too individualistic, focusing primarily on the family as the unit of analysis and overlooking the impact of community resources and social support systems. While the model provides a useful starting point for understanding family stress and coping, its limitations should be acknowledged, and it should be complemented by other theoretical perspectives that can offer a more nuanced and holistic understanding of these complex phenomena.

• 3. Double ABCX Model

  The Double ABCX Model, developed by Hamilton McCubbin and Joan Patterson in the 1980s, builds upon the original ABCX Formula by incorporating additional factors that influence family adaptation over time. The model includes the 'aA' factor, which represents the family's perception of the stressful event, the 'bB' factor, which encompasses the family's resources, the 'cC' factor, which refers to the family's coping strategies, and the 'xX' factor, which represents the crisis event. The model also introduces the 'pP' factor, which represents the family's adaptation to the crisis, and the 'cC' factor, which represents the family's coping strategies. This expanded framework provides a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic and ongoing process of family stress and adaptation. By incorporating factors such as family adaptation and the influence of time, the Double ABCX Model offers a more nuanced and dynamic perspective on family resilience and coping.

• 4. Critiques of the Double ABCX Model

  While the Double ABCX Model represents a significant advancement in the understanding of family stress and coping, it is not without its critiques. One of the primary criticisms is that the model, like the original ABCX Formula, may still oversimplify the complex and dynamic nature of family systems. The linear, causal structure of the model, even with the additional factors, may not fully capture the recursive and nonlinear processes that characterize family functioning. Additionally, the model has been criticized for its lack of attention to the influence of power dynamics, gender roles, and cultural norms on family adaptation. The focus on the family as the primary unit of analysis may overlook the impact of broader sociocultural contexts, such as community resources, social support systems, and systemic inequalities, on family resilience. Furthermore, the model's emphasis on adaptation may not adequately address the diverse range of family responses to crisis, including resistance, transformation, or even disintegration. While the Double ABCX Model provides a valuable framework for understanding family stress and coping, its limitations should be acknowledged, and it should be complemented by other theoretical perspectives that can offer a more nuanced and holistic understanding of these complex phenomena.