성인간호학실습 호흡부전, ESRD(말기신부전) 케이스 (간호과정 3개 포함)

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1. Respiratory failure

호흡부전은 폐의 가스교환 기능이 저하되어 저산소혈증과 고탄산혈증이 진행되는 기능 장애입니다. 원인으로는 환기부전, 산화부전, 환기부전과 산화부전의 혼합 등이 있습니다. 증상으로는 초기에 빈맥, 혈압상승, 말초혈관 수축, 호흡곤란이 있으며 중추신경계 증상으로 혼란, 판단 장애, 졸음, 혼수 등이 나타납니다. 치료로는 저산소혈증과 호흡성 산증 교정, 원인 질환 치료, 산소요법, 호흡요법, 약물요법, 영양요법, 정서적 지지 등이 필요합니다.
2. ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease)

말기신부전은 신기능이 심각하게 저하되어 치료로 회복할 수 없는 비가역적인 상태를 의미합니다. 만성신부전이 진행되면서 사구체 여과율이 감소하고 소변 생성과 수분 배설에 이상이 오며 전해질 불균형이 발생합니다. 증상으로는 피로, 구역질, 구토, 가려움증, 수면장애, 어지러움, 혈압 조절 불량 등이 나타납니다. 치료로는 투석(혈액투석, 복막투석)과 신장이식이 있습니다.

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1. Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure is a serious medical condition that occurs when the lungs fail to provide adequate oxygen to the body or fail to remove enough carbon dioxide from the body. This can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, lung cancer, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Symptoms of respiratory failure include shortness of breath, rapid breathing, confusion, and bluish discoloration of the skin. Treatment typically involves supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and addressing the underlying cause. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Patients with respiratory failure often require intensive care and close monitoring by a multidisciplinary healthcare team. Ongoing research and advancements in respiratory therapies are important to improve the management and prognosis of this complex condition.
2. ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease)

End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys have been severely damaged and can no longer effectively filter waste and excess fluids from the body. This condition can be caused by a variety of underlying factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, or polycystic kidney disease. Symptoms of ESRD include fatigue, nausea, swelling, and difficulty concentrating. Without treatment, ESRD can lead to life-threatening complications, such as fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and cardiovascular problems. The primary treatment options for ESRD are dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) and kidney transplantation. Dialysis helps to remove waste and excess fluids, while a kidney transplant can restore normal kidney function. Effective management of ESRD requires a comprehensive approach, including medication, dietary modifications, and close monitoring by a nephrologist. Ongoing research and advancements in renal replacement therapies and transplantation techniques are crucial to improve the quality of life and long-term outcomes for individuals with ESRD.

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