교수님 피드백에 따라 수정까지 완벽하게 완료된 ER CASE STUDY

교수님 피드백에 따라 수정까지 완벽하게 완료된 ER CASE STUDY_골절, 요로감염, 뇌졸중

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1. Fracture of surgical neck of hunerus, closed

상완골경부골절은 상완골의 해부경(anatomical neck) 또는 외과경(surgical neck)에서 잘 발생한다. 외과경의 매복골절은 일명 비전위성(nondisplaced) 골절이라 하고, 여성 노인들이 팔을 앞으로 뻗치며 넘어질 때 잘 발생한다. 비전위성 골절은 불완전 골절 및 전위가 일어나지 않은 골절을 말한다. 부종과 움직일 때 통증이 심하기 때문에 팔을 가슴 옆에 대고 골절부위를 지지해준다. 매복골절 시에는 Velpeau 붕대(clavicular strap의 일종)와 팔걸이로 지지해준다. 골절부위과 전위되면(displaced) 팔이 짧아진다.
2. Urinary tract infection

요로감염은 신장, 요관, 방광, 요도 및 전립샘 등 요로계에 미생물이 침입하여 염증반응을 일으킨 것이다. 상부 요로감염에는 신우신염, 신장농양, 신장결핵 등이 있고, 하부요로감염에는 방광염과 요도염이 있다. 신우신염은 신우와 신배의 염증으로 가장 흔한 원인균은 Escherichia. coli이다.
3. Cerebral infarction

허혈성뇌졸중은 혈전이나 색전으로 뇌동맥이 폐색되어 발생한다. 이는 혈전성과 색전성으로 분류한다. 혈전성 뇌졸중과 색전성뇌졸중이 전체 뇌졸중의 80%정도이다. 혈전성뇌졸중은 일시적인 언어 손상, 편마비, 편측 감각이상과 같은 전구증상이 몇 시간 또는 며칠 동안 나타나며 일반적으로 갑작스럽게 생기지는 않는다. 색전성뇌졸중은 색전이 대뇌동맥을 폐쇄하여 발생한다. 색전의 흔한 원인은 비판막성 심방세동, 허혈성심질환, 류마티스성 심질환, 심근경색이나 인공판막대치술 등이다.

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1. Fracture of surgical neck of hunerus, closed

Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus is a common injury that occurs when the upper part of the arm bone (humerus) breaks just below the shoulder joint. This type of fracture can be caused by a fall, a direct blow to the shoulder, or a sudden twisting motion of the arm. Closed fractures, where the bone does not break through the skin, are generally less severe than open fractures and may be treated with immobilization, such as a sling or splint, to allow the bone to heal. Physical therapy is often necessary to regain full range of motion and strength in the affected arm. Proper treatment and rehabilitation are important to prevent long-term complications, such as stiffness, weakness, or instability in the shoulder joint. Overall, with appropriate medical care, most patients with a closed fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus can expect to make a good recovery and return to their normal activities.
2. Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common medical condition that can affect any part of the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys. UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli), entering the urinary tract and multiplying. Symptoms of a UTI may include a burning sensation during urination, frequent or urgent need to urinate, cloudy or bloody urine, and pelvic pain. While UTIs are generally treatable with antibiotics, they can become recurrent or lead to more serious complications, such as kidney infections, if not properly managed. Factors that can increase the risk of developing a UTI include poor hygiene, sexual activity, diabetes, and the use of certain medications. Preventive measures, such as drinking plenty of fluids, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding irritants, can help reduce the likelihood of developing a UTI. Overall, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for managing UTIs and preventing potential complications.
3. Cerebral infarction

Cerebral infarction, also known as ischemic stroke, is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked, typically due to a blood clot or narrowed blood vessels. This disruption in blood flow can lead to the death of brain cells and permanent brain damage. Symptoms of a cerebral infarction may include sudden onset of numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, particularly on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, and severe headache. Prompt recognition of these symptoms and immediate medical attention are crucial, as timely treatment with thrombolytic (clot-busting) drugs or endovascular procedures can help minimize brain damage and improve the chances of a better outcome. Risk factors for cerebral infarction include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Preventive measures, such as managing underlying health conditions, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and taking prescribed medications, can help reduce the risk of experiencing a cerebral infarction. Overall, the impact of a cerebral infarction can be significant, and ongoing rehabilitation and support are often necessary for those affected to regain function and adapt to any lasting impairments.