성인간호학 실습2 A+, 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 간호과정, COPD 사례보고서

문서 내 토픽

1. WBC

전반적인 건강 상태를 알 수 있으며, 악성 혈액질환의 진단 및 추적관찰까지 다양한 임상적응증을 가지고 가장 흔히 시행되는 기본적인 혈액검사. 특별한 준비사항 없이 정맥에서 채혈한 혈액으로 간단하게 검사할 수 있는데, 이를 통해 탈수증이나 출혈 등과 같은 직접적인 체액량의 변화를 알 수 있으며 혈구세포, 즉 적혈구, 백혈구, 그리고 혈소판의 생성, 수명, 파괴와 관련된 이상 유무를 확인할 수 있음. 또한 급만성 염증, 알러지, 혈액응고 이상, 빈혈 진단에도 유용한 지표.
2. RBC

적혈구 크기, 평균 용적을 나타냄. 대적혈구성, 정적혈구성, 소적혈구성 빈혈의 분류에 사용.
3. Hb

적혈구 하나 당 Hb 농도를 나타냄, MCH와 함께 저색소성, 정색소성 빈혈의 분류에 사용.
4. Platelet

혈소판 수치를 나타냄. 감염성질환, 간경변, 특발성혈소판감소증, 각종 혈액질환 등에서 변화를 보임.
5. Neutrophil

호중구 수치를 나타냄. 폐렴, 수막염 등의 감염증, 혈액질환, 대사질환, 쿠싱증후군, 심근경색, 뇌출혈, 수술 후, 외상 시 증가하며, 항암제 복용 시, 자가면역질환, 방사선 과다노출, 비장기능항진증, 패혈증, 알코올 남용, 결핵, 장티푸스, 요독증 시 감소함.
6. Lymphocyte

림프구 수치를 나타냄. 바이러스감염, 백혈병, 골수암, 방사선 치료시 증가하며, 루푸스, HIV 감염 시 감소함.
7. Monocyte

단핵구 수치를 나타냄. 감염, 염증질환, 자가면역 질환, 혈액 질환, 특정 암 시 증가하며, 골수부전, 혈류감염 시 감소함.
8. Eosinophil

호산구 수치를 나타냄. 알레르기, 피부 염증, 기생충 질환, 다양한 감염, 골수 질환 시 증가하며, 쿠싱증후군, 혈류감염, 급성중독, 급성감염 시 감소함.
9. Basophil

호염기구 수치를 나타냄. 백혈병, 혈액질환, 알레르기, 악성종양 시 증가하며, 갑상선중독증, 급성과민반응, 감염 시 감소함.
10. ESR

시간에 따른 적혈구의 침강속도를 측정하는 것으로, 염증이나 종양 등에 의한 조직파괴 또는 혈장단백이상을 반영하는 비특이적인 검사.
11. CRP

감염, 염증, 외상, 조직괴사, 악성종양, 자가면역성 질환 표지자로서 사용.
12. AST

간 기능의 상태를 조사하기 위한 혈청 내 효소치를 측정하는 검사 방법을 말한다. 간질환이나 간독성 약물로 인한 간 손상의 경우 시행한다.
13. ALT

간 기능의 상태를 조사하기 위한 혈청 내 효소치를 측정하는 검사 방법을 말한다. 간질환이나 간독성 약물로 인한 간 손상의 경우 시행한다.
14. ALP

간질환, 급?만성간염, 영양불량 등의 경우 증가한다.
15. T.Bilirubin

악성빈혈, 용혈성 질환, 약물중독, 황달 등의 경우 증가한다.
16. T.protein

탈수, 만성염증성질환, 간경화, 다발성골수증 등의 경우 증가하며, 유전성 면역질환, 약물, 신증후군, 림프종 등의 경우 감소한다.
17. Albumin

급성탈수증 시 증가하며, 선천성 저알부민혈증, 악액질, 신부전, 복수, 납중독 등의 경우 감소한다.
18. BUN

단백질의 주요 최종분해산물로서 간에서 요소회로에 의해 생성되어 신장으로 배출됨. 단백섭취증가, 조직단백의 붕괴, 수술, 소화관 출혈, 탈수 시 증가하며, 간경변, 독극물에 의한 간염 시 감소한다.
19. Creatinine

BUN보다 신질환에 더 특이적이고 예민한 검사로 신장 기능의 평가를 위한 기초검사. 신장질환, 만성사구체신염 등의 경우 증가하며, 부적절한 섭취 등의 경우 감소한다.
20. Uric acid

퓨린(Purine) 대사의 주요산물로 대부분 간에서 크산틴산화효소(xanthine oxidase)에 의해 생성된다. 핵산 대사의 평가를 위한 기초검사. 통풍, 비만, 신질환, 백혈병, 악성종양, thiazide계의 혈압 강하제 투여 시 등의 경우 증가하며, 임신, 윌슨병, 신성저뇨산혈증 등의 경우 감소한다.
21. Ca

골형성, 혈액응고 및 신경근육 전달에 관여한다. 부갑상선기능항진증, Vit D 중독, 신부전, 갑상선기능항진증, 급성 골다공증, 악성종양, 탈수, 이뇨제복용 시 증가하며, 부갑상선기능저하증, 췌장염, 기아, 이뇨제복용, 수액투여 시 감소한다.
22. P

골형성, 세포막형성, 에너지 저장과 교환에 관여한다. 신기능장애, 폐쇄성요로병증, 근질환 시 증가하며, 임상적 의의 없음, 임신 시 감소한다.
23. Chest PA

배후에서 X-선을 조사하여 투과된 X-선을 필름에 받아 흉부 질환 여부나 그 질환 범위, 병소의 위치를 찾아낼 수 있음.
24. Skull AP Lateral Right

외상에 의한 두개골의 fracture, 뼈의 비후·파괴와 같은 두개내 질환의 의한 병변, 두개 봉합의 분리, 지압흔의 증가, 혈관구의 확대, 그 위에 pineal gland 석회화상의 편위, 이상 석회화상 등 병변의 유무를 관찰.
25. CT Brain

뇌혈관질환이 의심되는 환자의 경색과 출혈을 감별하고 뇌종양, 뇌동맥류 등의 뇌질환의 진단, 뇌 수술 후 경과 관찰 등을 위해 시행, 특히 미세한 뼈의 세세함을 보는데 MRI보다 더 민감하여 전도성 청각소실, 두 개저, 두 개관을 침범하는 질환 등의 초기검사에 적용됨.

Easy AI와 토픽 톺아보기

1. WBC

WBC, or white blood cells, play a crucial role in the body's immune response. They are responsible for defending the body against infections, diseases, and foreign invaders. A normal WBC count is an important indicator of overall health, as both high and low WBC levels can signify underlying medical conditions. Understanding the significance of WBC levels and their fluctuations is essential for maintaining good health and detecting potential health issues early on.
2. RBC

RBC, or red blood cells, are the most abundant type of blood cells in the human body. Their primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. A healthy RBC count is essential for maintaining proper oxygen levels throughout the body, which is crucial for various bodily functions. Monitoring RBC levels can provide valuable insights into a person's overall health and help detect potential issues such as anemia or other blood disorders.
3. Hb

Hb, or hemoglobin, is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin levels are an important indicator of overall health, as they can provide information about the body's ability to transport and utilize oxygen effectively. Abnormal Hb levels can be a sign of various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, or other blood disorders. Monitoring Hb levels is crucial for maintaining good health and detecting potential issues early on.
4. Platelet

Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small blood cells that play a crucial role in the body's clotting process. They are responsible for stopping bleeding and promoting the healing of damaged blood vessels. A normal platelet count is essential for maintaining proper blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding or bruising. Monitoring platelet levels can help detect and manage various medical conditions, such as thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, or other blood disorders.
5. Neutrophil

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are the first responders to sites of infection or inflammation. They are responsible for engulfing and destroying harmful bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. Monitoring neutrophil levels can provide valuable insights into the body's immune response and help detect potential infections or other inflammatory conditions. Understanding the significance of neutrophil counts is crucial for maintaining good health and identifying potential health issues early on.
6. Lymphocyte

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the body's adaptive immune response. They are responsible for recognizing and responding to specific pathogens, as well as helping to regulate the overall immune system. Monitoring lymphocyte levels can provide valuable information about the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases, as well as detect potential issues related to the immune system, such as autoimmune disorders or immunodeficiencies.
7. Monocyte

Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a key role in the body's immune response. They are responsible for engulfing and destroying harmful pathogens, as well as helping to regulate the inflammatory response. Monitoring monocyte levels can provide valuable insights into the body's overall immune function and help detect potential issues related to inflammation or infection. Understanding the significance of monocyte counts is crucial for maintaining good health and identifying potential health problems early on.
8. Eosinophil

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are primarily involved in the body's response to parasitic infections and allergic reactions. They are responsible for releasing various inflammatory mediators that can help fight off parasites and reduce the symptoms of allergies. Monitoring eosinophil levels can provide valuable information about the body's immune response and help detect potential issues related to parasitic infections, allergies, or other inflammatory conditions.
9. Basophil

Basophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the body's inflammatory and allergic responses. They are responsible for releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators, which can help the body respond to allergens and other foreign substances. Monitoring basophil levels can provide valuable insights into the body's immune function and help detect potential issues related to allergies, inflammation, or other immune-related conditions.
10. ESR

ESR, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate, is a blood test that measures the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) settle to the bottom of a test tube. This rate can be an indicator of inflammation or infection in the body. Elevated ESR levels can be associated with a variety of medical conditions, including autoimmune disorders, infections, and certain types of cancer. Monitoring ESR can provide valuable information about the body's overall health and help detect potential issues early on.
11. CRP

CRP, or C-reactive protein, is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation in the body. Elevated CRP levels can be an indicator of various medical conditions, such as infections, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Monitoring CRP levels can provide valuable insights into the body's overall health and help detect potential issues related to inflammation or infection. Understanding the significance of CRP levels is crucial for maintaining good health and identifying potential health problems early on.
12. AST

AST, or aspartate aminotransferase, is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated AST levels can be an indicator of liver damage or other medical conditions, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or muscle injury. Monitoring AST levels can provide valuable information about the overall health of the liver and help detect potential issues related to liver function or other medical conditions.
13. ALT

ALT, or alanine aminotransferase, is an enzyme primarily found in the liver. Elevated ALT levels can be an indicator of liver damage or other medical conditions, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or fatty liver disease. Monitoring ALT levels can provide valuable information about the overall health of the liver and help detect potential issues related to liver function or other medical conditions.
14. ALP

ALP, or alkaline phosphatase, is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, bones, and bile ducts. Elevated ALP levels can be an indicator of various medical conditions, such as liver disease, bone disorders, or bile duct obstruction. Monitoring ALP levels can provide valuable information about the overall health of the liver, bones, and bile ducts, and help detect potential issues related to these systems.
15. T.Bilirubin

T.Bilirubin, or total bilirubin, is a measure of the total amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, and elevated levels can be an indicator of various medical conditions, such as liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or certain types of anemia. Monitoring T.Bilirubin levels can provide valuable information about the overall health of the liver and help detect potential issues related to bilirubin metabolism or other medical conditions.
16. T.protein

T.protein, or total protein, is a measure of the total amount of proteins in the blood. These proteins include albumin, globulins, and other proteins that play important roles in various bodily functions, such as maintaining fluid balance, transporting nutrients, and supporting the immune system. Monitoring T.protein levels can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the liver, kidneys, and other organs, and help detect potential issues related to protein metabolism or other medical conditions.
17. Albumin

Albumin is a type of protein that is produced by the liver and plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, transporting various substances, and supporting the immune system. Monitoring albumin levels can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the liver, as well as help detect potential issues related to protein metabolism or other medical conditions, such as malnutrition, liver disease, or kidney disease.
18. BUN

BUN, or blood urea nitrogen, is a measure of the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. Urea nitrogen is a waste product that is produced when the body breaks down protein. Elevated BUN levels can be an indicator of various medical conditions, such as kidney disease, dehydration, or certain types of liver disease. Monitoring BUN levels can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the kidneys and help detect potential issues related to protein metabolism or other medical conditions.
19. Creatinine

Creatinine is a waste product that is produced by the muscles and filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Elevated creatinine levels can be an indicator of kidney dysfunction or other medical conditions that affect the kidneys, such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, or dehydration. Monitoring creatinine levels can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the kidneys and help detect potential issues related to kidney function or other medical conditions.
20. Uric acid

Uric acid is a waste product that is produced when the body breaks down purines, which are found in certain foods and are also produced naturally by the body. Elevated uric acid levels can be an indicator of various medical conditions, such as gout, kidney stones, or metabolic disorders. Monitoring uric acid levels can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the kidneys and help detect potential issues related to uric acid metabolism or other medical conditions.
21. Ca

Ca, or calcium, is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, such as maintaining strong bones and teeth, supporting nerve and muscle function, and regulating the heart's rhythm. Monitoring calcium levels can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the body, and help detect potential issues related to calcium metabolism or other medical conditions, such as osteoporosis, kidney stones, or parathyroid disorders.
22. P

P, or phosphorus, is an essential mineral that works closely with calcium to support the health of bones and teeth, as well as various other bodily functions. Monitoring phosphorus levels can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the body, and help detect potential issues related to phosphorus metabolism or other medical conditions, such as kidney disease, parathyroid disorders, or certain types of bone disease.
23. Chest PA

Chest PA (Posterior-Anterior) is a type of X-ray that provides a frontal view of the chest, including the lungs, heart, and surrounding structures. This imaging test can be used to detect a variety of medical conditions, such as lung infections, lung cancer, heart disease, and other abnormalities in the chest area. Interpreting the results of a Chest PA X-ray requires the expertise of a healthcare professional, as it can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
24. Skull AP Lateral Right

Skull AP (Anterior-Posterior) Lateral Right is a type of X-ray that provides a view of the skull from the front and side. This imaging test can be used to assess the structure and integrity of the skull, as well as detect any abnormalities or injuries, such as fractures, tumors, or other lesions. Interpreting the results of a Skull AP Lateral Right X-ray requires the expertise of a healthcare professional, as it can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the brain and surrounding structures.
25. CT Brain

CT (Computed Tomography) Brain is an advanced imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed, cross-sectional images of the brain. This test can be used to detect a variety of medical conditions, such as brain tumors, strokes, traumatic brain injuries, and other abnormalities in the brain and surrounding structures. Interpreting the results of a CT Brain scan requires the expertise of a healthcare professional, as it can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the brain and help guide diagnosis and treatment decisions.

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