-ku(李惠求) defined and used the concepts of gungjungeumak(宮中音樂:court music) and jeongak(正樂). Before ... influenced his concept of gungjungeumak and jeongak. Mandang did not use the term gungjungeumak to c ... contrast to minganeumak(民間音樂:outside court music) that appeared in the late Joseon Dynasty. Mandang