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[이동현상실험] 자연대류와 강제대류(Natural and Forced Convection) 결과레포트/고찰문제 포함

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최초등록일 2023.02.06 최종저작일 2020.05
화학공학과 에이쁠레포트 이동현상실험 결과레포트
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[이동현상실험] 자연대류와 강제대류(Natural and Forced Convection) 결과레포트/고찰문제 포함
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    소개

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    올리는 모든 자료는 직접 작성하여 제출했던 자료들이며
    4년동안 실험과목 모두 A+ 성적을 받은 레포트입니다.
    감사합니다:)

    이동현상실험의 커리큘럼 중 자연대륭화 강제대류 실험의 결과레포트입니다.
    표지와 목차 제외하고 총 18페이지의 분량이며 고찰문제 4개에 대한 풀이가 포함되어 있습니다!

    목차

    1. 실험목적

    2. 실험이론
    (1) Newton’s Equation
    (2) 부차원군(Dimensionless Group)
    (3) 열팽창계수(Thermal Expansion Coefficient)
    (4) 자연대류(Natural Convection)
    (5) 강제대류(Forced Convection)
    (6) 경막 전열계수(Film Heat Transfer Coefficient)

    3. 실험방법

    4. 실험장치 및 준비물

    5. 실험결과
    (1) 실험결과 데이터
    (2) 동일한 온도 조건에서 자연대류와 강제대류에서 계산한 h값을 비교하시오.
    (3) Archimedes, Peclet, Prandtl, and Nusselt Number에 대해 아는 대로 쓰시오.
    (4) 자연대류와 강제대류는 열원이 평판의 3차원 위치에 따라 그 유동현상이 다르게 나타난다. 평판의 위치에 따라 다르게 계산되는 Nusselt Number에 대한 예시를 찾아 논의하시오.

    본문내용

    1. 실험목적
    -열전달의 한 형태인 대류를 이해한다.
    -자연대류에 있어서 대류 대상물의 시간 경과에 따른 온도변화를 기록 관찰함으로 열전달 계수와 Grashof, Prandtl Number와의 관계를 조사하고, 그 현상을 이해한다.
    -강제대류에 있어서 온도와 시간과의 관계를 알아본다.
    -자연대류와 강제대류의 차이점을 알아본다.

    2. 실험이론
    (1) Newton’s Equation
    : q=hA∆T (1)
    이때 식 (1)에서 h는 Heat Transfer Coefficient이며 주로 [W/m^2∙°C], [Btu/h∙ft^2∙°F]의 단위가 사용된다. 열전달계수는 Geometry, Physical Property, Flow Velocity, Temperature Profile 등에 따라 변한다.

    (2) 부차원군(Dimensionless Group)
    : 차원이 있는 물리량을 조합시켜 얻어지는 차원이 없는 물리량을 만한다. 외관상으론 얼마간의 물리량을 곱셈, 나눗셈하여 얻어지는 무차원 수를 말하지만 수 자체보다 어떠한 물리량들의 조합으로 이루어져 있는가에 의의가 있으므로 무차원군이라고도 한다. 이러한 무차원군에는 레이놀즈 수(Re), 마하수(M), 비중(S), 프란틀 수 (Pr), 누셀트 수(Nu), 그라스호프 수(Gr), 길이의 비 등이 포함된다. 이들 중 대표적인 몇 가지를 수식으로 나타내었다.
    이때 β는 열팽창계수로, 일정 압력에서 온도에 따른 유체의 밀도를 나타내는 물성치이다.

    <중 략>

    (3) 열팽창계수(Thermal Expansion Coefficient)
    : 온도가 올라가면 계를 구성하는 구성 입자 사이의 평균 거리가 증가하여 계의 부피가 증가하게 된다. 이러한 열팽창에서 기체 또는 액체의 단위 부피당의 온도에 따른 부피의 팽창률을 열팽창계수라 정의한다.

    참고자료

    · 없음

  • AI와 토픽 톺아보기

    • 1. Newton's Equation
      Newton's equation is a fundamental principle in physics that describes the relationship between an object's acceleration, mass, and the net force acting upon it. This equation, F = ma, is a powerful tool for understanding and predicting the motion of objects in a wide range of physical systems, from the motion of planets to the dynamics of everyday objects. The simplicity and elegance of this equation belies its profound implications, as it allows us to model and analyze complex phenomena with remarkable accuracy. By understanding Newton's equation, we can gain insights into the underlying principles that govern the physical world, and use this knowledge to solve practical problems and advance our understanding of the universe.
    • 2. Dimensionless Group
      Dimensionless groups are a powerful tool in the field of engineering and physics, as they allow us to simplify and analyze complex physical systems by reducing the number of variables involved. These groups, such as the Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and Nusselt number, are derived by combining relevant physical quantities in a way that eliminates the units, resulting in a dimensionless quantity that can be used to characterize the behavior of a system. By using dimensionless groups, we can better understand the underlying principles that govern a wide range of phenomena, from fluid flow to heat transfer, and apply this knowledge to design more efficient and effective systems. The use of dimensionless groups is a hallmark of the scientific method, as it allows us to identify the fundamental relationships that govern the physical world and use this knowledge to make predictions and solve complex problems.
    • 3. Thermal Expansion Coefficient
      The thermal expansion coefficient is a fundamental property that describes the change in the volume or length of a material as a result of a change in temperature. This property is of critical importance in a wide range of engineering applications, from the design of structures and mechanical systems to the development of advanced materials and technologies. By understanding the thermal expansion coefficient of a material, we can predict and account for the effects of temperature changes on the behavior and performance of a system, allowing us to design more robust and reliable products. Additionally, the thermal expansion coefficient is a key parameter in the study of thermodynamics and the behavior of materials under various environmental conditions. As such, it is a crucial concept in the field of engineering and physics, and a deep understanding of this property is essential for anyone working in these disciplines.
    • 4. Natural Convection
      Natural convection is a fundamental mode of heat transfer that occurs due to the buoyancy forces generated by differences in temperature within a fluid. This phenomenon is ubiquitous in nature, from the formation of clouds and the movement of air masses to the circulation of water in lakes and oceans. In engineering applications, natural convection plays a crucial role in the design and optimization of a wide range of systems, from cooling systems for electronic devices to the ventilation and heating of buildings. By understanding the principles of natural convection, engineers can develop more efficient and effective solutions to a variety of thermal management challenges. Additionally, the study of natural convection has broader implications in fields such as meteorology, oceanography, and astrophysics, where it is a key driver of many complex and dynamic phenomena. As such, natural convection is a topic of great importance in the scientific community, and continued research in this area is likely to yield important insights and advancements in our understanding of the physical world.
    • 5. Forced Convection
      Forced convection is a fundamental mode of heat transfer that occurs when a fluid is forced to flow over a surface or through a system, resulting in the transfer of heat between the fluid and the surrounding environment. This process is of critical importance in a wide range of engineering applications, from the cooling of electronic components to the design of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. By understanding the principles of forced convection, engineers can develop more efficient and effective solutions to a variety of thermal management challenges. Additionally, the study of forced convection has broader implications in fields such as fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, and thermodynamics, where it is a key driver of many complex and dynamic phenomena. As such, forced convection is a topic of great importance in the scientific community, and continued research in this area is likely to yield important insights and advancements in our understanding of the physical world.
    • 6. Film Heat Transfer Coefficient
      The film heat transfer coefficient is a crucial parameter in the study of heat transfer, as it quantifies the rate of heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid. This property is of critical importance in a wide range of engineering applications, from the design of heat exchangers and cooling systems to the optimization of industrial processes. By understanding the factors that influence the film heat transfer coefficient, such as fluid velocity, surface roughness, and fluid properties, engineers can develop more efficient and effective solutions to a variety of thermal management challenges. Additionally, the study of the film heat transfer coefficient has broader implications in fields such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and materials science, where it is a key parameter in the analysis and modeling of complex physical systems. As such, the film heat transfer coefficient is a topic of great importance in the scientific community, and continued research in this area is likely to yield important insights and advancements in our understanding of the physical world.
    • 7. Prandtl Number
      The Prandtl number is a dimensionless quantity that is widely used in the study of heat and mass transfer. It is a ratio of the momentum diffusivity (viscosity) to the thermal diffusivity of a fluid, and it plays a crucial role in determining the relative thickness of the velocity and thermal boundary layers in a fluid flow. The Prandtl number is particularly important in the analysis of convective heat transfer, as it helps to characterize the relative importance of conduction and convection in the heat transfer process. By understanding the Prandtl number and its relationship to other dimensionless groups, such as the Reynolds number and the Nusselt number, engineers and scientists can develop more accurate models and predictions of heat transfer in a wide range of applications, from the design of heat exchangers to the analysis of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The Prandtl number is a fundamental concept in the field of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, and its continued study and application is essential for advancing our understanding of the physical world.
    • 8. Peclet Number
      The Peclet number is a dimensionless quantity that is used to characterize the relative importance of convection and diffusion in a fluid flow or heat transfer process. It is the ratio of the rate of advection of a physical quantity by the flow to the rate of diffusion of the same quantity driven by an appropriate gradient. The Peclet number is particularly important in the study of transport phenomena, such as heat and mass transfer, where it can be used to determine the dominant mode of transport and to predict the behavior of a system. By understanding the Peclet number and its relationship to other dimensionless groups, such as the Reynolds number and the Prandtl number, engineers and scientists can develop more accurate models and predictions of a wide range of physical processes, from the design of heat exchangers to the analysis of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. The Peclet number is a fundamental concept in the field of transport phenomena, and its continued study and application is essential for advancing our understanding of the physical world.
    • 9. Archimedes Number
      The Archimedes number, also known as the Grashof number, is a dimensionless quantity that is used to characterize the relative importance of buoyancy and viscous forces in a fluid flow. It is particularly important in the study of natural convection, where it can be used to predict the onset of convective flow and to determine the dominant mode of heat transfer. By understanding the Archimedes number and its relationship to other dimensionless groups, such as the Rayleigh number and the Nusselt number, engineers and scientists can develop more accurate models and predictions of a wide range of natural convection phenomena, from the formation of clouds and the movement of air masses to the circulation of water in lakes and oceans. The Archimedes number is a fundamental concept in the field of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, and its continued study and application is essential for advancing our understanding of the physical world and for developing more efficient and effective solutions to a variety of engineering challenges.
    • 10. Nusselt Number
      The Nusselt number is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the rate of heat transfer in a fluid flow. It is the ratio of the convective heat transfer to the conductive heat transfer, and it is a crucial parameter in the analysis and design of a wide range of thermal systems, from heat exchangers to cooling systems. By understanding the Nusselt number and its relationship to other dimensionless groups, such as the Reynolds number and the Prandtl number, engineers and scientists can develop more accurate models and predictions of heat transfer in a variety of applications, from the design of electronic devices to the analysis of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The Nusselt number is a fundamental concept in the field of heat transfer, and its continued study and application is essential for advancing our understanding of the physical world and for developing more efficient and effective solutions to a variety of engineering challenges.

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