1826년 『예식통고(例式通攷)』의 편찬과 왕실재정의 정비 노력 (Compilation of Yeshik Tonggo in 1826, and the efforts to balance the Royal family budget)

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초록

Yeshik Tong’go(例式通攷) is an Expenditure record compiled in 1826 (26th year of King Sunjo’s reign), and was a document similar to another sister record named Takji Jeong’rye, compiled during the reign of King Yeongjo. Yeshik Tong’go was different, however, from Takji Jeong’rye as the former was created for internal use only, to help the Jeon’rye-bang office -of the Hojo Ministry (in charge of central expenditure)- manage resources (which were to be delivered to the royal family) or materials collected from individual offices. To serve such purpose, Yeshik Tong’go assumed a slightly different form from Takji Jeong’rye.
If we compare types of items and figures (indicating their spent amount) recorded in Yeshik Tong’go with those in Takji Jeong’rye, we can see the former only documented far lesser items, reflecting the real expenditure at the time (around Yeshik Tong’go’s compilation). Unlike Takji Jeong’rye, Yeshik Tong’go only revealed the names of royal family members who received materials from tributes around 1826, as well as the number of personnel who served them[宮屬].
Throughout King Sunjo’s reign, the basic foundation for central revenue –the “Chulse Shil-gyeol(出稅實結)” lands- continued to diminish, and the revenue of major financial offices (such as the Hojo Ministry and the Seon’hye-cheong office) continued to drop accordingly. On the other hand, central expenditure was something the government could not reduce at will, as for example, the Hojo Ministry had to spend money for essential purposes while creating new principles[定式] to accommodate certain needs. As a result, items spent for the royal family and (by) individual offices became less and fewer than what was spent and recorded at the time of Takji Jeong’rye. Items delivered to the royal family usually occupied the largest percentage of the government’s general spending, yet the number of types (of items) recorded as spent in Yeshik Tong’go is only half of what is recorded in Takji Jeong’rye. Other records, such as chronological documentation of the government’s court deliberations (for example, Shillok), also seem to be concurring with the figures recorded in Yeshik Tong’go.
In other words, Yeshik Tong’go vividly shows us the government’s efforts (up until the early half of the 19th century) to cut spending for the royal family. Previous studies attributed the financial deficit of the government in the 19th century to the supposedly increasing expenditure of the royal family, but examinations in this article prompt us to search for other reasons that would have contributed to such deficit, as well as elements that could have affected the government’s both revenue and expenditure in this particular century.

영어초록

Yeshik Tong’go(例式通攷) is an Expenditure record compiled in 1826 (26th year of King Sunjo’s reign), and was a document similar to another sister record named Takji Jeong’rye, compiled during the reign of King Yeongjo. Yeshik Tong’go was different, however, from Takji Jeong’rye as the former was created for internal use only, to help the Jeon’rye-bang office -of the Hojo Ministry (in charge of central expenditure)- manage resources (which were to be delivered to the royal family) or materials collected from individual offices. To serve such purpose, Yeshik Tong’go assumed a slightly different form from Takji Jeong’rye.
If we compare types of items and figures (indicating their spent amount) recorded in Yeshik Tong’go with those in Takji Jeong’rye, we can see the former only documented far lesser items, reflecting the real expenditure at the time (around Yeshik Tong’go’s compilation). Unlike Takji Jeong’rye, Yeshik Tong’go only revealed the names of royal family members who received materials from tributes around 1826, as well as the number of personnel who served them[宮屬].
Throughout King Sunjo’s reign, the basic foundation for central revenue –the “Chulse Shil-gyeol(出稅實結)” lands- continued to diminish, and the revenue of major financial offices (such as the Hojo Ministry and the Seon’hye-cheong office) continued to drop accordingly. On the other hand, central expenditure was something the government could not reduce at will, as for example, the Hojo Ministry had to spend money for essential purposes while creating new principles[定式] to accommodate certain needs. As a result, items spent for the royal family and (by) individual offices became less and fewer than what was spent and recorded at the time of Takji Jeong’rye. Items delivered to the royal family usually occupied the largest percentage of the government’s general spending, yet the number of types (of items) recorded as spent in Yeshik Tong’go is only half of what is recorded in Takji Jeong’rye. Other records, such as chronological documentation of the government’s court deliberations (for example, Shillok), also seem to be concurring with the figures recorded in Yeshik Tong’go.
In other words, Yeshik Tong’go vividly shows us the government’s efforts (up until the early half of the 19th century) to cut spending for the royal family. Previous studies attributed the financial deficit of the government in the 19th century to the supposedly increasing expenditure of the royal family, but examinations in this article prompt us to search for other reasons that would have contributed to such deficit, as well as elements that could have affected the government’s both revenue and expenditure in this particular century.

참고자료

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