조선후기 평민층 입양관행의 변화와 그 의미 - 『수양·시양등록』을 중심으로 - (Changes in the Adoption practices among Commoners during the latter half period of Joseon, and the Meaning behind such Changes - Examination of the Suyang·Shiyang Deung’rok -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고문서학회
· 수록지 정보 : 古文書硏究 / 47권 / 89 ~ 116페이지
· 저자명 : 이종서

초록

본고에서는 『수양·시양등록』에 수록된 하층 양반부터 평민 이하층의 입양 사례 500건의 유형을 부계, 비부계, 무혈연으로 나누고, 이들 사례가 발생한 1684~1751년을 4시기로 구분하여 분석해 보았다. 전체적인 통계에서 부계입양의 비율은 78.2%로 다른 유형에 비해 월등히 높았으며 비부계와 무혈연 입양의 비율은 비슷하였다. 부계입양은 양반의 비율이 평민 이하의 2배를 상회한 반면, 비부계입양과 무혈연입양은 평민 이하의 비율이 양반보다 높았으며, 특히 무혈연입양에서 평민 이하의 비율이 높았다. 또한 부계입양의 비율이 지속적으로 증가한 반면 비부계와 무혈연 입양은 감소하였으며, 특히 비부계입양의 감소폭이 컸다. 『수양·시양등록』은 조선전기에 상급 양반층에서 시작한 변동이 하급 양반층과 평민 이하의 신분층에까지 확산되어 사회 전체의 혈연의식과 입양관행이 종법질서에 맞게 굳어져 간 과정을 반영한다.

영어초록

Examined in this article is the Suyang·Shiyang Deung’rok, which was a census register of adoption cases reported by low-level Yangban houses as well as households above & below the commoner class. Over 500 cases are collected in this register, and in this article they are categorized into three types of adoption: Paternal cases(cases in which paternal relatives were adopted), Non-paternal cases, and also Cases with No blood relationships. The first case took place in 1684, while the last one did in 1751, so they are examined through total of four stages.
General statistics show that cases of ‘Paternal adoption’ occupy 78.2% of the entire group, and that it was indeed the dominantly popular form of adoption. The other two types of adoption, which were ‘Non-paternal adoption’ and ‘adoption of individuals without any blood ties,’ showed similar percentages of occupancy. In the Paternal adoption cases, there were twice as many cases involving Yangban families compared to cases that involved commoner households and below, while the two other types of adoption showed more cases coming from commoners and lowborn families, with exceptionally frequent appearances of ‘bloodless’ adoptions in the commoner households. Meanwhile, the overall percentage of Paternal adoption cases seems to have been on a continuous rise, while the other two types of adoption were gradually decreasing. A sharp descent in the number of non-paternal adoption cases can be identified as well.
In general, it could be said that Suyang·Shiyang Deung’rok is showing a specific trend that had originated among the upper class members of the society during the early half of the Joseon dynasty period starting to spread to lower members of the Yangban class as well as the commoner households and below. We can see the society’s overall consciousness of the concept of bloodline as well as the general practice of adoption were evolving to fit the Confucian clan order.

참고자료

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