근대 이전 공연 자료 및 향유층 자료의 재조명－영산 기록을 중심으로－ (Shedding Light Again on Pre－early Modern Performing Materials and Enjoyers Materials －Focused on Yeongsan records－)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 판소리학회
· 수록지 정보 : 판소리연구 / 36호 / 165 ~ 209페이지
· 저자명 : 배연형

초록

신광수, 신위의 한시, 송만재의 <관우희>와 이유원의 <영산선성 오수> 등에 등장하는 영산은 원래 문희연의 홍패고사를 올리면서 가장 먼저 부르는 선소리[先聲]였다. 원래 祈願과 頌祝의 의미를 담은 불교음악 영산은 시간이 지나면서 사대부 사회에서는 유교적 이념을 담은 판소리 단가로, 사당패들 사이에서는 선소리(판염불) 형태로 전승되었으며, 고사소리에도 일정한 흔적을 남겼다. 영산이 사대부 사회에서는 음악적으로는 진중한 단가 형태로, 문학적으로는 江山風流와 人生無常을 노래하는 내용으로 발전했다면, 민중사회에서는 단순한 타령조(장타령 같은)나 불규칙한 장단으로 산의 이름을 열거하거나 잡다한 노랫말을 두서없이 도막도막 엮어가는 소박하고 발랄한 고사소리나 선소리(떼창) 형태로 변화하였다. 영산은 행사음악에서부터 유흥음악으로 변화하였고, 감사와 기원의 종교음악으로부터 순수음악으로 해방되었으며, 일부는 판소리로 편입되어 <고고천변> 같은 예술성 높은 더늠으로 자리 잡았다. 영산은 서사 중심, 재담 중심의 판소리에 서정성을 불어넣는데 중요한 역할을 하였다.

영어초록

The origin of pansori or narrative songs is deeply related to feasts for celebrating passers of Gwageo (high civil service examination) during the Joseon period. Passers of Gwageo took three days of leisurely trips with the passage certificate Hongpae worn on their chest. When they arrived at home, they went to a shrine where they expressed their thanks for their ancestral grace, and held a ritual to pray for the future success in their public office. During the ritual, entertainers sang songs, which were referred to as Yeongsan.
Chinese poems, composed by the nobility in the second half of the 18th century and in the 19th century, have some records on Yeongsan. An analysis of such records revealed that Yeongsan was originally Buddhist vocal music which prayed for success and blessing. After the ritual ended, entertainers performed taryeong (narrative songs), tightrope walk, and other acrobatic skills, exciting the fun of the feast. Yeongsan was referred to as Seonsori meaning lead song.
Over time, Yeongsan changed to lyric short songs about the emptiness of life, was handed down as Buddhist prayer songs that contained Buddhist contents and prayers, and sometimes left its traces in shamanistic ritual songs. In the nobility society, Yeongsan developed into short songs in terms of music, and into songs about appreciation of natural beauty and emptiness of life in terms of literature. On the other hand, in popular society, Yeongsan changed into simple and lively ritual songs with miscellaneous words and simple or irregular beats.
In the early 19th century, famous singers further developed Yeongsan and sang it to clear their throat before singing pansori. Yeongsan was referred to as Danga or short song because it was sung as short lyrics. Danga helped inspire lyric sentiment into pansori which sang descriptive stories, or sometimes was incorporated into pansori. In short, changes of Yeongsan are deeply related to the artistic development of pansori.

참고자료

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