이행의 관점에서 바라본 시공간 진화체로서 17세기 러시아 (The Russian Society of the 17th Century as an Evolutium of Time and Space as Seen through the Prism of Transition)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 충북대학교 러시아 • 알타이지역 연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 러시아학 / 17권 / 103 ~ 124페이지
· 저자명 : 최정현

초록

17세기는 저물어가는 중세의 맹장, 또는 밝아오는 근대 여명기의 거추장스런 가발이 아니라, 진정 18세기 표트르 대제 이후의 서구화, 근대화 개혁을 견인해낸 동력이자 전환기, 테제들의 투쟁의 장이었다. 중세(Древняя Русь)로부터 표트르 대제의 근대(Новое время)로의 이행 과정에 있어 “17세기 러시아”는, 결코 뚝 잘린 한쪽 단면에서 다른 쪽 단면으로 낙차 큰 순간이동을 한 것이 아니라, 중세에서 근대로의 이행을 보극(補極; interpolation)한 것이다. 중세에서 근대로의 이행 「과정 중의 한 과정」(процесс в процессе)으로 “17세기 러시아”를 시공간 두 축의 결합체이자 일종의 진화체(evolutium)로 이해할 때, 더이상 “1703년”을 기준으로 러시아를 양단하지 않고, 오히려 역사의 변증법에 충실한 정합적 발전의 궤적에서 수용할 수 있도록 해주며 또 그래야 한다고 글쓴이는 생각한다.

영어초록

It can be said that the reason the 17th century was made possible was the rule of Ivan IV. It was when most powerful absolute monarchy became the starting point that detonated its own antithesis – the period of transition. Though it remained an unstable political regime with weak rulers, but Ivan IV was able to gradually build an 16-th century European absolute empire while facing collective resistance of the nobility towards him, and through covering up, conciliating with and suppressing rebelling peasants. This for m of imperial policy in the making, though it paradoxically produced perpetual reactio and as such was plagued with resistance from the below to the rule of the stabilizing upper classes, can be seen as the biggest side of in the history of Russian 17th century. The name “the century of revolts” (Бунташный век) was made for a reason.
The 17th century is neither an appendix of the dying middle – ages nor the cumber some dawning of the bright modernity. It truly was a chapter in struggle of theses, the turning point and driving force that brought in the western is a nation and modernization by Peter the Great after the 18th century. In the process of transition from the middle ages (Древняя Русь) to the modernity (Новое время), the “17th century Russia” did not make a sudden teleport from one separate side to the other, it rather experienced an interpolation of the movement from the middle ages t modern times. When understanding Russia of the 17th century as a combination of two axes of time and space and as a type of evolutium, the transition from the middle ages to modernity, as a process inside a process, did not separate Russian history in two pieces with 1703 as the watershed. The author believes that it should be perceived though the trajectory of a truly coordinated development based on historical dialectics.

참고자료

· 없음