訒齋 崔晛(1563~1640)의 관료 활동과 국방책 (Activities as Government Official and National Defense Situation of Injae Choi Hyeon(1563~1640))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동아인문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동아인문학 / 67호 / 137 ~ 172페이지
· 저자명 : 이광우

초록

본 논문은 慶尙道 善山都護府 출신의 士林으로서 선조･광해군･인조 연간 활동한 訒齋 崔晛의 관료 활동과 국방책을 살펴 본 것이다. 그는 退溪學脈의 道統을 계승하였으며, 성리학뿐만 아니라 천문･지리･군사 등 다방면에 조예가 있었다. 임진왜란 때는 의병을 일으켰고, 군사적 식견을 바탕으로 관군 지휘관과 방어책을 논의하기도 했다. 최현의 사환기는 크게 광해군 초반과 인조 초반으로 나누어 살펴 볼 수 있다. 그의 당색은 南人이지만, 이 기간 동안 정권 향배와 관련 없이 실무형 관료로서의 자질을 보여주었다. 특히 군무 수행 능력에 두각을 나타내며, 변경의 국방 시설을 점검하거나 정부에서 軍政과 관련된 여러 개선책을 개진하였다. 그러나 집권 세력과의 갈등으로 사환 기간은 그리 길지 않았다. 광해군 초에는 大北의 견제를 받았으며, 인조 초에는 공신 세력과 갈등한 끝에 고초를 당하기도 했다. 이처럼 정치적 부침을 겪기도 했지만, 정부와 향촌에 있으면서 ‘經世濟民’을 위한 여러 방안을 구상하였다. 그 중에서도 산성을 활용한 방어책과 둔전책으로 대표되는 국방책이 주목된다. 최현은 임진왜란 때부터 산성의 중요성을 강조하였고, 여러 차례 산성 방어책을 제시하였다. 특히 胡亂을 앞두고 남한산성이 아니라 무주 赤裳山城을 효율적인 방어처로 판단하는 등 탁견을 보여주었다. 또한 최현은 산성 관리 방안으로 둔전책을 구상하였는데, 그것의 실질적인 효율성을 도모하기 위해 郡縣 병합을 제시하였다.

영어초록

Injae Choi Hyeon(1563~1640) This thesis has taken a look at the government activities and national defense perspective of Injae Choi Hyeon who was a scholar from Seonsandohho-bu of Gyeongsangdo and had his days during the reigns of King Seonjo, King Gwanghaegun and King Injo. He succeeded the Daoism doctrine of Toegye Faction with the deep insight in various aspects not only in Neo-Confucianism, but also in astrology, geography, military affairs and others. He organized civil militia during the Imjin Japanese Invasion and had meetings on the defense scheme with the government military officers on the basis of his military insight. The time of his services of Choi Hyeon might be considered by dividing largely into the early period of King Gwanghaegun and early period of King Injo. His political faction was with Namin, but he displayed his broad knowledge as a government official regardless of the political regime during this period. In particular, he displayed his talent in carrying out the military affairs in a way of inspecting the national defense facilities in the border regions and suggesting a number of improvement plans related to the military administration under the government. However, such a peak service period did not last very long due to the conflict with the faction that had the political power. He was intimidated by the Daebuk faction in the early time of King Gwanghaegun and suffered from the friction against the meritorious forces during the early phase of King Injo. He had political ups and downs as shown above, but he contemplated a number of schemes for ‘Gyeong-se-je-min(govern the world and relieve people)’ while he served for the central government and settled in the rural region. Among such schemes, his national defense perspective as represented by the defense strategy in facilitating sanseong(mountain fortress) defense and dunjeonchaek(a policy to dispatch a military force in an area where they work as a farmer when not in war) has attracted a special attention. From the time of Imjin Japanese Invasion, Choi Hyeon emphasized the importance of sanseong and presented a defense strategy around sanseong in a number of occasions. His exquisite insight was specifically demonstrated by advocating Muju Jeoksan-sanseong as the efficient defense line, not Namhan-sanseong, with the impending invasion of Qing Dynasty. Furthermore, Choi Hyeon contemplated the dunjeonchaek as a plan for sanseong management by presenting the integration of gun and hyeon in order to strive for practical efficiency of such a plan.

참고자료

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