秦․漢시기의 官吏의 休假 (Holidays of Bureaucrats in Qin-Han Dyansty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 호서사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 담론 / 84호 / 359 ~ 384페이지
· 저자명 : 임병덕

초록

본고는 秦․漢시기의 官吏의 休假에 대한 규정을 주로 최근 출토된 법률문서를 통하여 밝히고자 하였다. 최근 발간된 『岳麓秦簡』에는 秦에 대한 새로운 官吏의 休假 규정이 보이며 『睡虎地秦墓竹簡』, 『張家山漢簡奏讞書』, 『二年律令』 등의 자료와 한대문헌자료 등을 통하여 秦․漢시기의 官吏의 休假에 대한 규정의 대강을 살펴볼 수 있게 되었다. 唐의 「假寧令」은 직접적으로는 晉의 「假寧令」에서 기원한 것이었고, 晉의 「假寧令」은 秦․漢시기의 官吏의 休假와 관련된 律令에서 기원한 것이었다. 또한 秦․漢시기의 官吏의 休假에 대한 연구는 秦․漢의 律令의 성격에 대한 이해와도 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있다. 이 문제는 다시 秦․漢의 율령의 성격에 대한 이해와 관련하여 복잡한 논의를 필요로 한다. 왜냐하면 秦․漢시기의 官吏의 休假에 대한 규정은 令으로 규정된 경우도 있지만, 대체로 律에 포함되어 있기 때문이다. 晉 이후 관인의 휴가는 「假寧令」에 규정하였다. 天聖令 「假寧令」 총 29개 조문 가운데 19개 조문이 이에 해당하고, 이 가운데 14개 조문은 喪葬禮와 관련한다. 그런데, 이 「假寧令」은 秦․漢律에서 시작한다. 사실 「假寧令」뿐만 아니라 唐律의 대부분의 골격은 秦․漢律에 기초하고 있음이 명백하다. 唐律을 北朝律을 그 계통으로 해서 이해하는 전통적인 방식은 秦․漢法制史의 연구가 크게 진척된 최근에 이르러서 秦․漢法制史 연구자의 관점에서 보면 매우 설득력이 없어 보인다. 「假寧令」의 喪葬禮에 기초한 관리의 휴가를 의미하는 ‘寧’은 이미 秦․漢律에 그 규정이 나오고 있다. 漢代 문헌사료에는 보통 관리의 휴가를 ‘寧告’라고 표현하고 있다. 관리의 휴가규정을 살펴본 결과, 적어도 『二年律令』 단계까지의 秦․漢律은 魏晉律에서처럼 律․令의 개념이 전자는 형벌법규, 후자는 非형법법규로 정립․분화한 것은 아니었다고 이해하였다.

영어초록

Holiday Statutes on Tang Dynasty originated directly from Qin Dynasty's Holiday Statutes. Holiday Statutes on Qin Dynasty originated Holidays of Bureaucrats in Qin-Han periods. In order to understand the nature of Tang's Holiday Statutes, we need to find the clues in the Holidays of Bureaucrats of the Qin-Han period. In addition, the study of the Holiday Statutes in the Qin-Han period is closely related to the understanding of The Law and Statutes of Qin-Han Dynasty. This problem again requires a complex discussion regarding the character of Qin-Han Dynasty. Because the rules for the Holidays of Bureaucrats in the Qin-Han period are sometimes defined as Statutes, but they are usually included in the Law. This problem is also related to the discussion of the causes of the mixed use of the Law's name and Statutes, and in particular to the understanding of the separation of the concepts of Law and Statutes. The general understanding of academia is that the concept of Law and Statute in the Law of Wei-Jin Dynasty is defined as punishment law in the former, and administrative law in the latter, while many non-punitive contents of law are organized into statutes, It is a new emergence. Since the provisions of the Holiday Statutes of the Qin-Han period are mainly included in the Law, and have been newly filed since the publication of The Bamboo Slips of the Qin Dynasty Collected in Yuelu Academy IV in relation to the statutes prescribed by The Law of Jin Dynasty I would like to take the opportunity to help understand the character of Qin-Han Dynasty on the character of Law and Statutes.
Since the Jin Dynasty, Holiday Statutes have been prescribed in the Holiday Statutes. Holiday Statutes on Tiansheng 天聖令 Among the 29 articles, 19 articles are related with 14 articles related to funeral ceremony. By the way, this Holiday Statutes begins with The Law of Qin-Han Dynasty. In fact, it is clear that most of the skeletons of The Law of Tang as well as the Holiday Statutes are based on The Law of Qin-Han Dynasty. The traditional method of understanding the Law of Tang as a system of the Law of Northern Dynasties has been recently carried out by the researchers of the History of legal system on Qin-Han Dynasty From a point of view it does not seem very convincing. Ning寧, which means the holiday of management based on the funeral ceremony of the Holiday Statutes, has already been published in The Law of Qin-Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty documentary treats the Holiday Statutes as Ninggao寧告. There is a case of Holiday Statutes, which means Holiday on Bereavement for parents' funeral.
As noted earlier, the Bamboo Slips of the Qin Dynasty Collected in Yuelu Academy IV and the Zouyanshu奏讞書 Holiday Statutes. The Holiday Statutes of Tang and the Holiday Statutes of Tang are consistent with the Holiday Statutes appearing in Zhouyanshu and Collected in Yuelu Academy IV of The Bamboo Slips of the Qin Dynasty. However, in The Bamboo Slips of the Qin Dynasty Collected in Yuelu Academy Ⅴ, the clauses that correspond to Jin 晉 Holiday Statutes and Tang Holiday Statutes are not included in the Law but are included in the Statutes.
In addition, the Bamboo Slips of the Qin Dynasty Collected in Yuelu Academy IV, the regulations concerning vacation are scattered in the law concerning the land田律and the law concerning military conscription戍律. However, in the second year of the Ernian Lüling 二年律令rule, the provisions on Holidays of Bureaucrats are relatively detailed in Raws on the Appointment of Management置吏律 and Raws on inheritance of first-born children置後律. On the other hand, Juyan Hanjian 居延漢簡has a get a vacation by the Statutes. It is the Holiday Statutes that is the basis of get a vacation by the Statutes. In other words, Jin's Holiday Statutes and Tang's Bureaucrats Holiday Statutes are directly derived from The Law of Qin-Han Dynasty. As a result of examining the Statutes of Holidays of Bureaucrats, the Law of Qin-Han Dynasty up to the stage of Ernian Lüling二年律令, as in the Law of Wei-Jin Dynasty, I can not but agree with the academics' belief that it was not differentiated.

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