고려 강도시기 건물지 출토 도자기의 양상과 사용 (Nature of Porcelain excavated from vestiges of buildings, built and used during the Gangdo(江都) period of Goryeo, and how they were used)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 121호 / 67 ~ 102페이지
· 저자명 : 한혜선

초록

강도시대는 고려정부가 몽고 침입 후 개경에서 강화도로 수도를 옮긴 1232년~1270년(까지 39년간을 말한다. 이때 궁궐과 중앙관청, 당시 무신정권의 인원과 그 가족 등이 개경에서 강화도로 대규모로 이동했다. 강화도는 갑자기 그들의 생활터전이 되어 생활에 필요한 물자를 전국 각지에서 조달히여 사용하였는데, 그 흔적이 강화도 곳곳에서 확인되는 고려시대 건물지에 남아 있다.
강도시기 고려시대 건물지 출토 청자는 일상적으로 사용하는 발·접시·잔 등을 비롯해 다른 지역 소비지유적에서는 잘 보이지 않는 베개·기대〔그릇받침〕·화분·의자·자판 등으로 다양하다. 당시 최고급 청자 생산지인 강진과 부안산의 특징인 섬세한 상감, 투각, 상형기법 청자가 다수 포함되어 있다. 이렇게 품질이 좋은 청자들은 강진과 부안에서 조운로로 강도에 조달된 것들로, 수도를 옮길 정도로 상황이 좋지 않았지만 최고급 청자의 생산과 조운로 운영이 비교적 안정적으로 작동하고 있었음을 알 수 있다.
한편 강도에서 사용한 도기는 주로 땅에 묻어 저장용으로 활용하였으며, 대산리유적의 의례 공간에서 도기향로와 장고가 출토되어 의례용 도기의 사례도 확인된다. 또한 전라도지역을 포함한 남부지방에서 제작되었던 반구호가 우물지나 능묘 앞 건물지에서 출토되었는데, 이것들은 남부지방의 식품이나 물품을 담아 이동한 화물용 용기가 소비처인 강도에서 다른 용도로 재사용된 것이다.

영어초록

The so-called ‘Gangdo period’ refers to the time during which the Goryeo government was temporarily located on the Gang’hwa-do island due to the Mongol invasion. The period began in 1232 when the Goryeo government abandoned the dynasty’s original capital Gaegyeong (the Gaeseong city today) and ended in 1270 when the government returned to it. In 1232, the royal palace, offices of the government, and members of the Military regime and their families all moved from Gaegyeong to the Gang’hwa-do island, and sudden increase in the region’s population required goods and commodities necessary for living and survival to the island from the inland areas. We can see traces of those items from vestiges of buildings and structures built on the island during this period.
Found from the Gangdo-era Goryeo building vestiges is a variety of celadon which includes everyday utensils such as bowls, dishes and glasses, as well as other unique items like pillows, plate holders, vases, chairs and plates which are not usually found in other regions’ vestiges where celadon has supposedly been used and consumed. Included in the collection of these Gangdo-era celadon are intricate inlaid works, openworks, and figurative items which represent the finest attributes that we can usually find from the ones produced in Gangjin and Bu’an, the home of top-class Goryeo celadon. All the high-quality celadon mentioned above must have been manufactured at Gangjin and Bu’an and were then transported to the Gang’hwa-do island. This shows that even during wartime and with difficulties to ensure proper transport, the creation and delivery of quality celadon was proceeding unhindered and relatively stably.
In the meantime, the earthenware used in the Gangdo capital were usually buried in the ground as containers to preserve organic material. There were also earthenware used in rituals, as we can see from earthenware incense burners and musical instruments like Janggo, found from the Daesan-ri vestige’s ritual space. Also, relics like jars with wide mouths[盤口壺], which must have been produced in the southern regions of the peninsula (including the Jeolla-do region), were excavated from vestiges that seem to have been either a well or remains of a building attached to tombs or mausoleums. These items seem like containers that had been used for transporting food or other organic goods to Gangdo from southern regions, and were then reused as utensils for other usages in the Gangdo area.

참고자료

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