존 솔즈베리의 국가 유기체론－제도화를 중심으로－ (John of Salisbury’s Theory of the State as an Organism: Focused on Institutionalization)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 106호 / 113 ~ 141페이지
· 저자명 : 이희만

초록

Many researches based upon so-called ‘anatomic view’ focused on the extension of the parts of the body politic of John of Salisbury and on the hierarchy. On the other hand, some researches based upon ‘physiological view’ highlighted cooperation and equality in function between the members including kings and other parts. But the former did not express any concern about the institutionalization appeared in Policracticus. The latter neglected or mentioned briefly John’s interest in the institutionalization, because it fails to catch the importance of it. Accordingly, this explores the institutional aspects of the organic concept of the state of John of Salisbury that appeared in his Policraticus in the context of the regime of Henry II.
The features of the institutionalization mentioned by John of Salisbury might be summarized as follows. First, John underlines the rule of the law for good rule of the state as an organism. For John,the law is a criterion to distinguish kings from tyrants who govern kingdoms not by law but by arbitrary will or military force. John also regards tyrants as a serious disease that threatens the health of the body politic. Accordingly, we may see his discussion of tyrannicide as a socio-political remedy for the disease of the tyrant in order to keep the public good of the community. Second, John includes non-official organization or group like court council or soldiers exposed to corruption or violence into official organization and troop of the state. Thus, John suggests accepting them not as a private meeting or person but as a ‘public’ organization or ‘public person’. Third, John thinks it is important for the state to supply salary for administrators such as courtiers and tax collectors from public fund to protect them from corruption. John is sure that the removal of harmful environment like bribery helps promote the public good and the health of the body politic as well. Fourth, John includes lower class like the peasants, who had been neglected for a long time in the discussion about organic concept of state, into a member of the body politic. We may see the inclusion of peasants into a member of the state as a means to accomplish social integration. In brief, institutionalization, John believes, fosters the health of the body politic and supplements the virtue of king, courtiers and administrators as well.

영어초록

Many researches based upon so-called ‘anatomic view’ focused on the extension of the parts of the body politic of John of Salisbury and on the hierarchy. On the other hand, some researches based upon ‘physiological view’ highlighted cooperation and equality in function between the members including kings and other parts. But the former did not express any concern about the institutionalization appeared in Policracticus. The latter neglected or mentioned briefly John’s interest in the institutionalization, because it fails to catch the importance of it. Accordingly, this explores the institutional aspects of the organic concept of the state of John of Salisbury that appeared in his Policraticus in the context of the regime of Henry II.
The features of the institutionalization mentioned by John of Salisbury might be summarized as follows. First, John underlines the rule of the law for good rule of the state as an organism. For John,the law is a criterion to distinguish kings from tyrants who govern kingdoms not by law but by arbitrary will or military force. John also regards tyrants as a serious disease that threatens the health of the body politic. Accordingly, we may see his discussion of tyrannicide as a socio-political remedy for the disease of the tyrant in order to keep the public good of the community. Second, John includes non-official organization or group like court council or soldiers exposed to corruption or violence into official organization and troop of the state. Thus, John suggests accepting them not as a private meeting or person but as a ‘public’ organization or ‘public person’. Third, John thinks it is important for the state to supply salary for administrators such as courtiers and tax collectors from public fund to protect them from corruption. John is sure that the removal of harmful environment like bribery helps promote the public good and the health of the body politic as well. Fourth, John includes lower class like the peasants, who had been neglected for a long time in the discussion about organic concept of state, into a member of the body politic. We may see the inclusion of peasants into a member of the state as a means to accomplish social integration. In brief, institutionalization, John believes, fosters the health of the body politic and supplements the virtue of king, courtiers and administrators as well.

참고자료

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