부산 ․ 경남지역의 민요 무형문화재의 전승실태 조사보고서 (Research report on actual condition and characteristics of the folk songs, intangible cultural assets in Pusan and Gyeongnam Province)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국민요학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국민요학 / 46권 / 1호 / 113 ~ 152페이지
· 저자명 : 서정매

초록

본 글은 부산․경남지역에 전승되는 민요에 한정하여 민요 무형문화재의 성격을 검토하고, 전승자와 관계자들과의 인터뷰를 통해 전승현황 및 문제점을 보고서형식으로 살펴본 것이다.
부산지역의 경우 부산민속예술보존협회, 수영고적민속보존협회, 구덕민속예술보존협회 등은 모두 3종목 이상의 무형문화재를 보유하고 있고 하나의 사무실에서 문화재를 총괄하고 있어서 문화재관련 사무일이 비교적 체계적이다. 반면 다대포후리소리보존회는 2014년 10월 1일에 전수관이 개관되기 전까지 27년간 전수관 없이 전승을 해 온 경우이다. 이러한 열악한 환경 속에서도 사하방아소리를 발굴하여 다대포후리소리와 함께 20년간 전승하고 있다는 사실은 주목할 만하다.
수영농청놀이․좌수영어방놀이․수영지신밟기를 전승하고 있는 수영고적민속예술보존협회는 수영야류까지 포함하여 총 4개의 무형문화재가 전승되고 있지만 종목에 비해 회원 수가 적고 중복 회원이 많다. 반면 구덕망께터다지기․고분도리걸립․동래지신밟기 등은 중복되는 회원은 없지만, 남자전수생보다 여자전수생의 수가 많은 편이어서 남자회원의 영입이 요구된다.
거창삼베일소리와 거창일소리, 그리고 거창 삼베길쌈까지 3종목의 무형문화재를 전승하는 거창전수관은 전수회원이 160명 이상이지만 전수회원이 3종목을 모두 중복 전승하고 있고, 최근에는 거창 상여디딜방아 액막이소리까지 발굴하여 전수교육이 함께 이루어지고 있다. 이처럼 지속적인 문화재 발굴 및 종목별 전수회원의 중복은 타 지역과는 차별되는 거창만의 특징이다.
웅상농청놀이는 회원의 나이가 대부분 60세 이상이며 그 이하의 연령대가 없기 때문에 젊은 층의 회원확보가 매우 시급하며, 전수교육방법의 전문화와 체계화가 필요하다. 마도갈방아소리는 회원들의 평균나이가 75세로 젊은 층의 회원영입이 가장 시급한 상황이다. 뿐만 아니라 공연 때마다 배를 크레인으로 이동시키는 비용문제 및 이동성 용이한 배의 제작이 요구되지만, 재정적 문제가 걸림돌이다. 고성농요는 현재 예능보유자가 자격이 박탈되었고 후보자 및 전수조교도 지정이 되어있지 않은 상황이므로, 보유자와 조교의 지정문제가 가장 시급하다.
이 외 현재 무형문화재는 아니지만 전승에 주력하고 있는 민요단체로 밀양아리랑, 거창의 상여디딜방아 액막이소리, 구포대리지신밟기, 사하방아소리, 창녕의 구계목도놀이와 양산의 원동목도소리, 함양들소리와 함안농요 등을 들 수 있다. 민요는 구전으로 전승되어왔고 산업화로 인해 점차 소멸되어가는 추세이지만 그럼에도 지역별로 단체를 이루어 전승에 주력하고 있다는 점은 매우 고무적이다.

영어초록

Within folk songs which have been handed down in Pusan and Gyeongnam Province, this study focused on checking out the characteristics of folk songs which designated as intangible cultural assets, looked into the current situation of the transmissions and found out the problems through interviews with transmitter and people concerned.
The organizations in Pusan such as PusanminsokYesulbojonhyephoe, SuyeongGojeokminsokbojonhyephoe, and GudeokminsokYesulbojonhyephoe are managing more than 3 kinds of intangible cultural assets, which have been generalized by one office, so it is safe to say that the works involved in cultural assets have been done very systematically. On the other hand, DadaepoHurisoriBojonhoe, which has only one intangible cultural assets, has played a role in handing down the song for 27 years without a training center until it was built on oct, 1, 2014. It is outstanding that in the face of the challenge mentioned above, it has discovered SahaBangasori and transmitted the song with DadaepoHurisori for 20 years.
SuyeongGojeokminsokYesulbojonhyephoe play a role in transmitting 4 intangible cultural assets such as Suyeongnongcheongnori, Jwasuyeong- eobangnori, Suyeongjisinbalpgi, and SuyeongYaryu, but it has the problem that the members, around 100, are in charge of a few songs at the same time, so the organization needs to recruit new members, particularly young ones. Another problem which comes from Gudeokmangkketeodajigi․Pusan- Gobundorigeolrip, and Dongraejisinbalpgi is that there are no duplications, unlike the songs mentioned above, but female members outnumber male members, so there is the need to recruit more male members.
Let’s move on to GeochangJeonsugwan which generalizes Geochang- Sambeilsori, GeochangIlsori, and Geochang SambGilsam. It has a characteristic to pay attention to that more than 160 members are in charge of all of 3 songs simultaneously, and recently it has found out Geochang Sangyeo- didilbanga Aekmakisorisori, which means that each member has to lean and master 4 songs. However, it has good characteristics which cannot be found in other training centers- First, members are increasing continuously, Second, they stay, practice, and handle administrative business. Third, they are willing to learn new songs without resistance.
In case of UngsangNongchongJangwonsori, all members are more than 60 years old- no one is less than 60, which makes the recruitment of young members urgent. Some members argue that the method of transmitting education shoud be made specialized and systematic.
Let’s move on to Madogalbangasori. Considering that the average age of the members is 75. it is inevitable to recruit young members.
In addition, whenever it is performed, since there is to carry boats too much expenses with a crane, it is required to make the boats which is easy to carry, but the financial problem is a sort of abstacle.
also need to recruit members. Average age of members, 75, makes this organization the most aged one among the folk songs org, in Gyeongnam. This is because the young move to the city of Samcheonpo instead of living in Mado. Another challenge comes from the costs for crane to move boats because they need two boats whenever they perform. That is why there is an proposal that the boats should be made into small and light ones, but they have no money to make them, which means that it is necessary for them to get financial support. In the area of music, there are parts in no harmony when they sing the leading songs and the receiving songs in the action of beating rice in the mortar, which result from transmission without proper training for performers. Thus, they need to get musical improvement.
Looking into GoseongNongyo, the holder of intangible cultural assets has lost his position and there are no its candidate or a training assistant, that is why it is urgent to designate the holder and the training assistant to transmit and preserve GoseongNongyo properly.
There are several folk songs organizations to make many efforts to pass down the songs such as Milyangarirang, GeochangSangyeodidilbanga Aekmakisori, GupoDaeriJisinbalpgi, Pusan SahaBangasori, ChangnYeongguyeMokdonori, YangsanWondongmokdosori, HamyangDeulsori, and HamanNongyo although they are not designated up to now.
Folk songs has been handed down through oral transmission in the form of work songs. Unfortunately, there is the tendency for work songs to be extinct in the course of industrialization which makes the agricultural works less and less. In the face of these challenges, it is inspiring to find out the fact that the efforts has been made to discover the unknown songs and transmit them, making organizations in many local areas.

참고자료

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