4ㆍ19 직후 정국수습 논의와 내각책임제 개헌 (Argument over Settlement of Political Crisis and the Constitutional Amendment to the Parliamentary Cabinet System Right After the 4ㆍ19 Uprising)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 이화여자대학교 이화사학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 이화사학연구 / 40호 / 246 ~ 287페이지
· 저자명 : 이혜영

초록

Right after the 4ㆍ19 Uprising, the Liberal Party and government tried to overcome the crisis by a constitutional amendment to the parliamentary cabinet system, calculated to avoid the request for a reelection for both the President and the Vice President. They formally proposed the constitutional amendment when Yi Ki-Pung issued the statement for ‘consideration for resignation as the Vice President Elect’ on April 23.
Once Yi Ki-Pung's statement was issued, the political parties seriously considered the constitutional amendment to the cabinet system. In particular, Old Faction of the Democratic Party displayed an enthusiastic attitude. The Liberal Party and government conceived an idea similar to the De Gaulle Constitution in France, which gave the President great power and adopted some elements of a cabinet system, such as the premiership. However, the content and scope of the constitutional amendment were controversial because any constitutional amendment to a cabinet system implied that President Rhee Syng-Man had abandoned some power as the Chief Executive Officer.
Upon the resignation of President Rhee on April 26, the disputes related to the constitutional amendment significantly changed. At first, as concerns that the constitutional amendment must be a plot for the Liberal Party to keep its power disappeared, the public liberally discussed amending the Constitution. As far as content, it could be possible to amend the Constitution so as to have a ‘true’ cabinet system. Therefore, the request for the constitutional amendment replaced one for the Presidential and Vice Presidential reelection. Also, hereafter political process and the problem who would be responsible for the amendment appeared as new issues.
These controversies were eventually calmed, setting up a government by a new general election after the incumbent National Assembly amended the Constitution. Although there was an objection that the incumbent National Assembly, in which the Liberal Party was the majority party, took the lead in the constitutional amendment, concerns about compromising the Constitutional order as well as the need for political settlement and stability, finally made it possible. The U.S. Government also accepted the decision with mediation between the U.S. Department of State and the American Embassy in Seoul. As a result, saving a political situation and reestablishing political order were conducted by the incumbent National Assembly and the interim government by Huh Jung, who was appointed a minister of the Department of Foreign Affairs and a Chief State Minister right before President Rhee resigned.

영어초록

Right after the 4ㆍ19 Uprising, the Liberal Party and government tried to overcome the crisis by a constitutional amendment to the parliamentary cabinet system, calculated to avoid the request for a reelection for both the President and the Vice President. They formally proposed the constitutional amendment when Yi Ki-Pung issued the statement for ‘consideration for resignation as the Vice President Elect’ on April 23.
Once Yi Ki-Pung's statement was issued, the political parties seriously considered the constitutional amendment to the cabinet system. In particular, Old Faction of the Democratic Party displayed an enthusiastic attitude. The Liberal Party and government conceived an idea similar to the De Gaulle Constitution in France, which gave the President great power and adopted some elements of a cabinet system, such as the premiership. However, the content and scope of the constitutional amendment were controversial because any constitutional amendment to a cabinet system implied that President Rhee Syng-Man had abandoned some power as the Chief Executive Officer.
Upon the resignation of President Rhee on April 26, the disputes related to the constitutional amendment significantly changed. At first, as concerns that the constitutional amendment must be a plot for the Liberal Party to keep its power disappeared, the public liberally discussed amending the Constitution. As far as content, it could be possible to amend the Constitution so as to have a ‘true’ cabinet system. Therefore, the request for the constitutional amendment replaced one for the Presidential and Vice Presidential reelection. Also, hereafter political process and the problem who would be responsible for the amendment appeared as new issues.
These controversies were eventually calmed, setting up a government by a new general election after the incumbent National Assembly amended the Constitution. Although there was an objection that the incumbent National Assembly, in which the Liberal Party was the majority party, took the lead in the constitutional amendment, concerns about compromising the Constitutional order as well as the need for political settlement and stability, finally made it possible. The U.S. Government also accepted the decision with mediation between the U.S. Department of State and the American Embassy in Seoul. As a result, saving a political situation and reestablishing political order were conducted by the incumbent National Assembly and the interim government by Huh Jung, who was appointed a minister of the Department of Foreign Affairs and a Chief State Minister right before President Rhee resigned.

참고자료

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