1930-40년대 경성지역 대중교통의 문제점과 대책 (Problems and Measures of the Public Transportation in Gyeongseong area in 1930s-1940s)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울시립대학교 서울학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 서울학연구 / 50호 / 145 ~ 183페이지
· 저자명 : 최인영, 김제정

초록

In 1920s, there came into being a competition system between the tram and the bus in line with rapid growth of the road transportation business but the Railway Bureau controlled the traffic focusing on railway and tram. Gyeongseong Electric company relocated the buses where tram lines were not available upon taken over of the bus business in the year 1933-1934. As a result, the public transportation in Gyeongseong area was reorganized focused on the tram. However, there occurred a shortage of public transportation in Gyeongseong area in 1930s. The phenomenon of rush hour was occurred in the early part in 1930s, and the traffic difficulty became heavier after the traffic control in 1934 and expansion of administrative district of Gyeongseong municipal gov’t in 1934. The major cause of the traffic congestion was the rapidly increased number of passengers. The average number of passengers of the tram & bus had increased to about 130,000 persons from 100,000 persons per day for 5-6 years after municipal bus started operation in 1928 indicating the increase of passengers merely 30,000 passengers, but from 1934 to 1940 after reorganization of public traffic focused on the tram the passengers increased to 3 folds to 440,000 persons from 150,000 persons indicated the increase as many as 280,000 persons.
The reason of rapid increase of passengers was; First, the increasing trend of populations year by year in Gyeongseong area. Second, the effect of traffic fare decrease caused by the traffic fare system change. Third, the increased commuters of employee & student. However, the vehicles and capacity of the facilities of Gyeongseong Electric company could not catch up with the then increasing passengers. There lacked trams & buses, furthermore their route as well could not be extended more or less, and even the fuel of gasoline was also restricted. This was on the one hand due to the profit-oriented policy of Gyeongseong Electric company, but the possibility of its improvement was further decreased under the war time controlled economy.
In September 1939, ‘The countermeasure committee of Tram/Bus Problem’ was organized by the Member of Gyeongseong Municipal Assembly and criticized Gyeongseong Electric company of their profit-oriented management policy. Gyeongseong Municipal gov’t requested the operation of express-bus comparable to tram routes to digest rapidly increased passengers during rush our time, which was a reemergence of parallel operations of bus & tram routes merely for 5-6 years to mitigate traffic difficulty since the tram focused traffic system was introduced. In March 1940, the semi-municipalization of public transport was raised by Gyeongseong Municipal Assembly which was the reemergence of the movement of municipalization of Gyeongseong Electric company in early 1930s.
In August 1939, and in December 1939 the downtown circle line of tram was introduced in the downtown area where passengers concentrated during rush hour and the express-bus was introduced by Gyeongseong Electric company respectively, but it could not contribute to the mitigation of traffic difficulty due to their separate fare system. In April 1940, an express tram was operated, and in December 1944 the methods of prohibition of transfer during rush hour and removal of seats in the tram etc. were added.
But such measures were merely a temporary measures rather than the fundamental solutions for the problem. This was due to the passive attitude of profit-oriented Gyeongseong Electric company, and the fundamental solution was next to impossible under the war controlled economy. Also this was a measure favorable to Gyeongseong Electric company at the expense of local residents. Finally, the sacrifice to mitigate the traffic congestion was left intact to the residents of Gyeongseong municipal city through promotion of walking short distance or reducing time for getting on & off by observing strict traffic ethics.

영어초록

In 1920s, there came into being a competition system between the tram and the bus in line with rapid growth of the road transportation business but the Railway Bureau controlled the traffic focusing on railway and tram. Gyeongseong Electric company relocated the buses where tram lines were not available upon taken over of the bus business in the year 1933-1934. As a result, the public transportation in Gyeongseong area was reorganized focused on the tram. However, there occurred a shortage of public transportation in Gyeongseong area in 1930s. The phenomenon of rush hour was occurred in the early part in 1930s, and the traffic difficulty became heavier after the traffic control in 1934 and expansion of administrative district of Gyeongseong municipal gov’t in 1934. The major cause of the traffic congestion was the rapidly increased number of passengers. The average number of passengers of the tram & bus had increased to about 130,000 persons from 100,000 persons per day for 5-6 years after municipal bus started operation in 1928 indicating the increase of passengers merely 30,000 passengers, but from 1934 to 1940 after reorganization of public traffic focused on the tram the passengers increased to 3 folds to 440,000 persons from 150,000 persons indicated the increase as many as 280,000 persons.
The reason of rapid increase of passengers was; First, the increasing trend of populations year by year in Gyeongseong area. Second, the effect of traffic fare decrease caused by the traffic fare system change. Third, the increased commuters of employee & student. However, the vehicles and capacity of the facilities of Gyeongseong Electric company could not catch up with the then increasing passengers. There lacked trams & buses, furthermore their route as well could not be extended more or less, and even the fuel of gasoline was also restricted. This was on the one hand due to the profit-oriented policy of Gyeongseong Electric company, but the possibility of its improvement was further decreased under the war time controlled economy.
In September 1939, ‘The countermeasure committee of Tram/Bus Problem’ was organized by the Member of Gyeongseong Municipal Assembly and criticized Gyeongseong Electric company of their profit-oriented management policy. Gyeongseong Municipal gov’t requested the operation of express-bus comparable to tram routes to digest rapidly increased passengers during rush our time, which was a reemergence of parallel operations of bus & tram routes merely for 5-6 years to mitigate traffic difficulty since the tram focused traffic system was introduced. In March 1940, the semi-municipalization of public transport was raised by Gyeongseong Municipal Assembly which was the reemergence of the movement of municipalization of Gyeongseong Electric company in early 1930s.
In August 1939, and in December 1939 the downtown circle line of tram was introduced in the downtown area where passengers concentrated during rush hour and the express-bus was introduced by Gyeongseong Electric company respectively, but it could not contribute to the mitigation of traffic difficulty due to their separate fare system. In April 1940, an express tram was operated, and in December 1944 the methods of prohibition of transfer during rush hour and removal of seats in the tram etc. were added.
But such measures were merely a temporary measures rather than the fundamental solutions for the problem. This was due to the passive attitude of profit-oriented Gyeongseong Electric company, and the fundamental solution was next to impossible under the war controlled economy. Also this was a measure favorable to Gyeongseong Electric company at the expense of local residents. Finally, the sacrifice to mitigate the traffic congestion was left intact to the residents of Gyeongseong municipal city through promotion of walking short distance or reducing time for getting on & off by observing strict traffic ethics.

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