신약성서는 정교분리를 지지하는가? - 마가복음 12장 17절과 요한복음 18장 36절을 중심으로- (Does New Testament support the separate of religion and politics? - Focusing on Mark. 12:17 and John 18:36 -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 21세기기독교사회문화아카데미
· 수록지 정보 : 신학과 사회 / 25권 / 1호 / 9 ~ 32페이지
· 저자명 : 정승우

초록

본 논문은 전통적으로 정교분리의 근거로 사용되어 왔던 복음서의 대표적인 본문, 마가복음 12장 17절과 요한복음 18장 36절을 1세기 그레코-로만의 사회/정치적 문맥에 위치시킨 채 이해하고자 시도한다. 이를 통해 루터의 ‘두 왕국론’과 미국의 제헌헌법에 명시된 근대적 정교분리의 개념을 1세기 팔레스타인 사회에 투사하려는 시도 자체가 시대착오적이라는 사실을 주석학적으로 밝힐 것이다. 그리고 ‘가이사의 것과 하나님의 것’을 분리하고 ‘예수의 나라를 천상적인 것’만으로 이해하고자 했던 서구사회의 ‘정치적 무의식’을 드러낼 것이다.

영어초록

The purpose of this essay is to examine a political implication of Mark. 12:17and John 18:36, Each verse has been considered as one of the most important verses that shows the separation of church and state. Traditionally, these two verses have been only interpreted in terms of the spiritual realities. However, the recent studies of the historical Jesus show us that Jesus’ teaching is politically specific in the sense that it addresses specific situations in the 1st Greco-Roman society. Since the Judaism of Jesus’ times was deeply embedded in that religious roles, employment, organization, and systems of worship governed by political and economical considerations, it is impossible to separate politics from religion in the context of the first century Judaism. Therefore, Jesus’ statement about rendering to Caesar and God what belongs to each cannot be understood as a timeless thesis concerning the separation of Politics and religion in the modern sense. Rather, Mark. 12:17 should be understood as an antithetical aphorism against his opponents who kept distance Caesar’ tax from God’s ownership to Israel. Jesus’ saying in Mark 12:17 and John 18:36 is in some degree conditioned by the social and political context in which it arose. Ideologically, these verses have been exploited by a Reformation “two realms” theory and the modern idea concerning the separation of church and state. It would be anachronistic to read Mark 12:17 and John 18:36 in the light of the contemporary notion that separate of church and state. By placing the texts of Mark and John in the socio-political context of the first century Judaism, it is possible to avoid the problem of ideological and literary decontextualization.

참고자료

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