시어로서의 ‘조선어=민족어’의 풍경과 시단의 지형도 - 1930년대 중후반 임화의 시와 평론을 중심으로 (The Landscape of 'Chosuneo=National language' as poetic dictions and the topographical map of poetical circles --focused on Im-Wha's poems and critical writings in 1930s)

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초록

This paper attemps to reconstruct the landscape of 'Chosuneo(조선어)=National language' and the topographical map of poetical circles reflected on Im-Wha's linguistic practices. For this study, I examined the ideological characteristics of Im-Wha's consciousness of language and poetic practices.
The prism of Im-Wha may be too old and crude to illuminate the various aspects of linguistic practices and ideological orientation of Korean poetry in 1930s. However, this study could be an useful approach to Korean poetry in 1930s because Im-Wha showed a critical mind in various fields of Korean modern literature, especially in Korean modern poetry.
We can find Im-wha's linguistic consciousness in his poems and critical writings together. In his poem "The poetry of Earth(지상의 시)", Im-Wha criticized the idealistic view of language which put the language before the behavior. He thought that the primary principle of poetry is the function of freely interpreting of language and behavor. This linguistic and poetic cognition was influenced by Marxism, especially I. Y. Marr's lingustics. Marr was a soviet's linguist who put the class language before the national language, but his the vulgar-materialism on linguistic was denied formally by Stalin in 1950s. Im-Wha adopted Marrism(Marr's lingustics) to criticize the group of pure poetry(순수시파), whose aesthetics was based on the Kantian theory of aesthetic autonomy.
But, Im-Wha's consideration of class language could not be lasted in his all critical writings. On the crisis of national language caused by Japanese Imperialistic policy, Im-Wha had not choice but to bring national language to completion as poetic diction. Besides, national language was the core in establishing "national literature". Im-Wha thought that this work must be accomplished by "Gyeonghyangsipa(경향시파)" because nationalistic poets, the group of pure poetry(순수시파) and the modernist group in 1930s' Korean literature gave rise to confusion in national language. Im-Wha's demand on the hegemony of the proletariat in national language and national literature could be found in his topographical map of poetical circles. Especially, Im-Wha denied dialect as poetic diction, which could be found in Baik-suk's poetry. Im-Wha did not regard the dialect as literary language because he thought that it's provincialism could regress to reactionism, national reformism and aestheticism.
Im-wha's linguistic consciousness, especially his emphasis on national language was based on the standard language, connected with the imagined community 'modern nation'(=nation state). But On the condition of Imperialist control, "Whangguksinminwha(황국신민화)", there was no room for "Chosuneo(조선어)", the Korean national language. So Im-wha asserted the necessity of "Chosuneo", only in the view of usefulness in describing reality. In this opinion, he did not demand on the nationality of language any more. This was Im-Wha's tactic of postcolonial practice which could protect the "Chosuneo" in the crisis of extinction under the Japanese Imperialistic policy of "Whangguksinminwha".

영어초록

This paper attemps to reconstruct the landscape of 'Chosuneo(조선어)=National language' and the topographical map of poetical circles reflected on Im-Wha's linguistic practices. For this study, I examined the ideological characteristics of Im-Wha's consciousness of language and poetic practices.
The prism of Im-Wha may be too old and crude to illuminate the various aspects of linguistic practices and ideological orientation of Korean poetry in 1930s. However, this study could be an useful approach to Korean poetry in 1930s because Im-Wha showed a critical mind in various fields of Korean modern literature, especially in Korean modern poetry.
We can find Im-wha's linguistic consciousness in his poems and critical writings together. In his poem "The poetry of Earth(지상의 시)", Im-Wha criticized the idealistic view of language which put the language before the behavior. He thought that the primary principle of poetry is the function of freely interpreting of language and behavor. This linguistic and poetic cognition was influenced by Marxism, especially I. Y. Marr's lingustics. Marr was a soviet's linguist who put the class language before the national language, but his the vulgar-materialism on linguistic was denied formally by Stalin in 1950s. Im-Wha adopted Marrism(Marr's lingustics) to criticize the group of pure poetry(순수시파), whose aesthetics was based on the Kantian theory of aesthetic autonomy.
But, Im-Wha's consideration of class language could not be lasted in his all critical writings. On the crisis of national language caused by Japanese Imperialistic policy, Im-Wha had not choice but to bring national language to completion as poetic diction. Besides, national language was the core in establishing "national literature". Im-Wha thought that this work must be accomplished by "Gyeonghyangsipa(경향시파)" because nationalistic poets, the group of pure poetry(순수시파) and the modernist group in 1930s' Korean literature gave rise to confusion in national language. Im-Wha's demand on the hegemony of the proletariat in national language and national literature could be found in his topographical map of poetical circles. Especially, Im-Wha denied dialect as poetic diction, which could be found in Baik-suk's poetry. Im-Wha did not regard the dialect as literary language because he thought that it's provincialism could regress to reactionism, national reformism and aestheticism.
Im-wha's linguistic consciousness, especially his emphasis on national language was based on the standard language, connected with the imagined community 'modern nation'(=nation state). But On the condition of Imperialist control, "Whangguksinminwha(황국신민화)", there was no room for "Chosuneo(조선어)", the Korean national language. So Im-wha asserted the necessity of "Chosuneo", only in the view of usefulness in describing reality. In this opinion, he did not demand on the nationality of language any more. This was Im-Wha's tactic of postcolonial practice which could protect the "Chosuneo" in the crisis of extinction under the Japanese Imperialistic policy of "Whangguksinminwha".

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