호남지역 마한 성립기 주거지 일고찰 (A Review on the Dwelling Sites of Mahan during the Period of its Establishment in Honam Area)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 호남고고학회
· 수록지 정보 : 호남고고학보 / 67권 / 99 ~ 135페이지
· 저자명 : 김규정

초록

호남지역은 마한의 성립과 함께 각 지역을 중심으로 다양한 정치체가 형성된다. 호남지역 마한 성립기 주거지는 아직 조사된 유적이 많지 않아 그 실체가 명확하지 않다. 다만 중국측 기록을 따르면 늦어도 기원전 3세기에는 마한이 성립된 것으로 보인다. 마한 성립의 주체는 재지의 송국리문화가 바탕이지만 외래의 점토대토기문화도 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 호남지역 마한 성립기 주거지는 재지의 송국리식주거지가 지속되는 한편 평면 방형에 중앙에 爐가 있는 새로운 구조의 주거지가 축조된다.
호남지역 마한 성립기 토기는 재지의 송국리식토기가 변화·발전되고 외래의 점토대토기와 점토대토기가 변화·발전된 경질무문토기를 특징으로 한다. 점토대토기는 구연부의 단면형태에 따라 원형과 삼각형으로 구분되는데, 금강·만경강유역은 원형과 삼각형점토대토기가 공반된 것으로 보아 비교적 이른 시기에 원형에서 삼각형으로 변화된 것으로 보인다. 영산강·서남해안지역과 섬진강·동남해안지역에서는 삼각형점토대토기의 삼각형점토띠가 퇴화되면서 경질무문토기로 발전한 것으로 보인다.
호남지역 마한 성립 시기는 절대연대와 출토유물로 볼 때 금강·만경강유역은 기원전 4세기로 편년되고, 동진강·중서부지역과 영산강·서남해안지역은 기원전 3세기, 섬진강·동남해안지역은 기원전 2세기로 편년된다.
호남지역 마한 정치체는 재지의 송국리문화를 바탕으로 재지집단이 활발한 대외교류를 통해 새로운 문물을 받아들이면서 발전하였다. 지금까지 출토된 외래 유물로 볼 때 기원전 4세기~기원전 2세기까지는 금강·만경강유역 정치체가 대외교류의 중심이지만, 기원전 2세기~기원전 1세기 이후에는 영산강·서남해안지역 마한 정치체가 대외교류의 중심으로 부상하면서 영산강유역 고대 정치체로 발전한 것으로 보인다.

영어초록

The Honam area might be divided largely into four regions according to the natural geographic features. With establishment of Mahan, various political bodies were formed around each region. There are not many ruins that have been investigated in the region to clearly testify to the real dwelling sites of Mahan during the period of its establishment, although it is only presumed that Mahan was established at the latest in the third century BCE according to the Chinese records. The main stream force of Mahan's foundation was based mostly on the local Songgukri culture, but it seems that the foreign clay stripe pottery culture also had an influence upon it. During the period of Mahan's establishment, the local Songgukri-style dwelling sites continued to prevail in the Honam area, while a new flat-square type residential area with a hearth in the center began to be built newly.
The pottery of Mahan in the Honam area during the period of its establishment was characterized by the local Songgukri-style pottery which was changed and developed, the foreign clay stripe pottery, and the hard-plain pottery which was changed and developed from the clay stripe pottery. Since the clay stipe pottery can be classified into the circular and triangular type according to the cross-sectional shape of the mouth part, the pottery on the Geumgang and Mangyeonggang river basins is thought to have changed from the circular to the triangular type in the relatively early age, judging from the fact that both circular and triangular clay stripe earthenwares were discovered together in the same area. In the Yeongsangang and southwest coastal areas, as well as in the Seomjingang and southeast coastal areas, the triangular clay stripe pottery seems to have evolved into the hard-plain pottery while the triangular clay stripe was degenerated.
The time when Mahan was established in the Honam area is recorded chronologically to be the 4th century BCE on the Geumgang·Mangyeonggang river basins, the 3rd century BCE in the Dongjingang·midwestern region and Yeongsangang·southwestern coastal regions, and the 2nd century BCE in the Seomjingang·southeast coastal regions, based on the absolute age and unearthed relics.
The political body of Mahan in the Honam area developed as the local group accepted new culture and products of civilization through active exchanges with foreign countries backed up by the local Songgukri culture. On the basis of the foreign relics excavated so far, it could be inferred that the political body on the Geumgang·Mangyeonggang river basins had played a central role in exchanges with foreign countries during the period from the fourth to the second century BCE, but Mahan political body in the Yeongsangang·southwestern coastal regions developed into an ancient political body on the Yeongsangang river basin while it emerged as the center of foreign exchanges from the 2nd century until after the first century BCE.

참고자료

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