근대한국어의 구개음화 (Palatalization in Pre-Modern Korean)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 사단법인 한국언어학회
· 수록지 정보 : 언어학 / 80호 / 115 ~ 150페이지
· 저자명 : 김주필

초록

In the Korean language history literature, the example of t-palatalization is first appeared in Sino-Korean in the Weorin Seokbo(1561) published in Jeolla Province, and the example of hyper-correction is also shown on Sino-Korean.
There were examples of the t-palatalization and hyper-correction in the late 16th and early 17th centuries in the Gyeongsang and Hamkyeong dialect. In the Central dialect, palatalization and hyper-correction examples began to appear in the mid-17th century literature and became widespread in the 18th century. In the Central dialect, palatalization and hyper-correction examples began to appear in the mid-17th century literature and became widespread in the 18th century. Examples of k-palatalization appeared in the Gyeongsang and Hamkyeong dialect literature in the late 16th century, and in the Jeolla dialect literature in the 17·8th century. The h-palatalization examples appeared in dialect literature other than Pyeongan Province in the late 16th or 17th century. k-palatalization, h-palatalization, and hyper-correction of these palatalizations were all in the word-initial syllable.
To examine the historical development of the palatalization phenomenon, we compiled from Sayeokweon(司譯院) by extracting t-palatalization examples from Chinese language textbooks(漢學書) and Japanese language textbooks(倭 學書). At the beginning, the palatalization patterns showed a mild pattern, but at some point, the pattern of S-curve changes suddenly with more than 50% frequency. This pattern of change is based on the words (Sino-Korean words and native words), and the morphological characteristics (vocabulary morpheme, morpheme boundary and grammatical morpheme) and the phonological distribution of the palatalization environment (the word-initial syllable, and the second or third syllable) showed similar patterns of change. The palatalization examples have begun to appear in the literature and it takes a long time to become generalized. In this period, palatalized new form appeared as old form.
Thus, the types of palatalization in the literature are three classes as follows: ① The type that only the old form is used, ② the type in which the old form and the new form are used together, ③ the type used only in new form. Based on this condition, the diachronic process of palatalization is considered to be a process in which the individual forms including the palatalization environment change from ① to ② and ② to ③ respectively.
The phonological change called palatalization, in which the old form changes to the new form, is presumed to be caused by the rules inherent in the speaker. So the basis of the claim that the rule that leads to palatalization is inherent in the speaker was Ⓐ the hyper-correction examples in the early literature showing examples of t-palatalization, Ⓑ the state of the Nogeoldae Shinseok Eohae(1765) with a palatalized new form suddenly used 100%. In the former case, hyper-corrected form can not be created without the premise of a rule. In the latter case, if the speaker had not internalized the rules, it was impossible to use the 100% new form suddenly. In this respect, yet the diachronic process of palatalization proceeds by the internal rules of the speaker, the internalized rules of speaker are determined by the internal structure of language material, and speaker's judgment about situation whether to apply rules for the language material and to use old form or new form. In this respect, the diachronic process of palatalization is proceeded by the internal rules of the speaker, but the rules for the linguistic material and the usage of the old and new forms determines the internal rules and the direction of change by the internal structure of the linguistic material, the application of the rules to the language material by the speaker.

영어초록

In the Korean language history literature, the example of t-palatalization is first appeared in Sino-Korean in the Weorin Seokbo(1561) published in Jeolla Province, and the example of hyper-correction is also shown on Sino-Korean.
There were examples of the t-palatalization and hyper-correction in the late 16th and early 17th centuries in the Gyeongsang and Hamkyeong dialect. In the Central dialect, palatalization and hyper-correction examples began to appear in the mid-17th century literature and became widespread in the 18th century. In the Central dialect, palatalization and hyper-correction examples began to appear in the mid-17th century literature and became widespread in the 18th century. Examples of k-palatalization appeared in the Gyeongsang and Hamkyeong dialect literature in the late 16th century, and in the Jeolla dialect literature in the 17·8th century. The h-palatalization examples appeared in dialect literature other than Pyeongan Province in the late 16th or 17th century. k-palatalization, h-palatalization, and hyper-correction of these palatalizations were all in the word-initial syllable.
To examine the historical development of the palatalization phenomenon, we compiled from Sayeokweon(司譯院) by extracting t-palatalization examples from Chinese language textbooks(漢學書) and Japanese language textbooks(倭 學書). At the beginning, the palatalization patterns showed a mild pattern, but at some point, the pattern of S-curve changes suddenly with more than 50% frequency. This pattern of change is based on the words (Sino-Korean words and native words), and the morphological characteristics (vocabulary morpheme, morpheme boundary and grammatical morpheme) and the phonological distribution of the palatalization environment (the word-initial syllable, and the second or third syllable) showed similar patterns of change. The palatalization examples have begun to appear in the literature and it takes a long time to become generalized. In this period, palatalized new form appeared as old form.
Thus, the types of palatalization in the literature are three classes as follows: ① The type that only the old form is used, ② the type in which the old form and the new form are used together, ③ the type used only in new form. Based on this condition, the diachronic process of palatalization is considered to be a process in which the individual forms including the palatalization environment change from ① to ② and ② to ③ respectively.
The phonological change called palatalization, in which the old form changes to the new form, is presumed to be caused by the rules inherent in the speaker. So the basis of the claim that the rule that leads to palatalization is inherent in the speaker was Ⓐ the hyper-correction examples in the early literature showing examples of t-palatalization, Ⓑ the state of the Nogeoldae Shinseok Eohae(1765) with a palatalized new form suddenly used 100%. In the former case, hyper-corrected form can not be created without the premise of a rule. In the latter case, if the speaker had not internalized the rules, it was impossible to use the 100% new form suddenly. In this respect, yet the diachronic process of palatalization proceeds by the internal rules of the speaker, the internalized rules of speaker are determined by the internal structure of language material, and speaker's judgment about situation whether to apply rules for the language material and to use old form or new form. In this respect, the diachronic process of palatalization is proceeded by the internal rules of the speaker, but the rules for the linguistic material and the usage of the old and new forms determines the internal rules and the direction of change by the internal structure of the linguistic material, the application of the rules to the language material by the speaker.

참고자료

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