조선초 吉再의 추증과 <追贈牒>의 復元 (A Study on the Restoration of Giljae’s Chu-Jeung(Granted Honors) and In Early Chosun Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 포은학회
· 수록지 정보 : 포은학연구 / 7권 / 33 ~ 66페이지
· 저자명 : 심영환

초록

고려 말에 태어나 牧隱 李穡(1328~1396), 圃隱 鄭夢周(1337~1392년)와 더불어 三隱의 하나로 불리는 冶隱 吉再(1353~1419)는 고려 왕조에 대한 충절로 조선왕조 내내 국왕과 사대부들이 입을 모아 기린 것으로 유명하다. 길재는 사후인 세종 연간에는 追贈이 되었고, 『三綱行實圖』의 충신란에 ‘吉再抗節’로 ‘圖形作贊’이 되었다. 선조조에는 金烏書院에 제향되었고, 정조조에는 致祭文을 내리기도 하였다. 조선이 아닌 고려의 인물로, 그것도 ‘不事二君’을 외치며 조선에 벼슬하기를 거부한 길재는 아이러니하게도 조선시대 내내 국왕과 사대부들로부터 節義의 표상으로 추앙을 받았다.
길재의 추증은 세종 8년(1426) 12월 3일에 이루어졌고 문서의 발급은 세종 9년(1427) 정월 28일이다. 구체적인 관직은 ‘通政大夫·司諫院左司諫大夫·知製敎·兼春秋館編修官’이었다. 길재에게 추증을 한 구체적인 이유는 길재가 고려에 충의를 가지고 조선에서 벼슬하지 않은 ‘節士’였기 때문이었다. 당시 길재에게 내려준 <追贈牒〉이 『冶隱先生言行拾遺』에 실려서 현재까지 남아 있다. 그런데 이 <추증첩>은 전사본이기 때문에 당시의 문서 그대로 실리지는 않았다. 따라서 복원이 필요하다.
조선시대 추증에 관한 업무를 담당하는 관서는 이조이다. 당시 이조의 관제는 태종 16년(1426) 6월 22일의 관제를 세종 9년까지 동일하게 운용하고 있었다. 당시 이조의 관제는 판서(1인)-참판(1인)-참의(1인)-정랑(3인)-좌랑(3인)이다.
현재 한국의 고문서학은 계속 발전하고 있다. 하지만 조선초기의 문서에 대해서는 자료의 축적이 계속되고 있음에도 불구하고 활발한 연구성과가 보이지 않는다. 앞으로 길재 <추증첩>의 복원과 같은 시도가 계속 나왔으면 하는 마음 간절하다.

영어초록

Giljae(or his pen name was Yaeun: 1353~1419) was born in late Koryo Dynasty and called as one of the Sameuns together with Mokeun, Yisaek, Poeun Jeong Mong Ju(1337~1392). He served Koryo Dynasty with loyalty. For this reason, many Kings and Sadaebu(noblemen) paid a high tribute to his charitable deeds through the Chosun Dynasty. Giljae was granted honors after his death in the period of Sejong, and he was listed as classical scholar who kept his chastity in the section of loyal subjects of 『Sam-Gang- Haeng-Sil-Do(The Three Fundamental Principles in Human Relations and Exemplary Behaviors』(三綱行實圖). In the period of Seonjo, he was templed at Geum-O-Seo-Won(金烏書院). In the period of Jeongjo, he was granted a funeral oration. He was a figure of Koryo (not Chosun) and refused to hold an office under the government of Chosun saying “I will not serve two kings.” Ironically, he was held in high esteem as symbol of fidelity to his principle by Kings and Sadaebu(noblemen) throughout Chosun Dynasty.
He was given honors on Dec. 3 in the 8th year of Sejong(1426) and his document was issued on Jan. 28 in the 9th year of Sejong (1427). Specifically, he was granted honors because Giljae was faithful to Koryo Dynasty and refused to serve at a government job in Chosun Dynasty. The <Chu-Jeung-Cheop>(追贈牒) granted to Giljae at the time still remains in 『Ya-Eun-Seon-Saeng-Eon-Haeng-Seup-Yu(A collection of Yaeun teacher's words and behaviors』(冶隱先生言行拾遺). However, this <Chu-Jeung- Cheop> was made in transcription and thus wasn’t listed as the original document was. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the document.
The government office in charge of granting honors in Chosun Dyansty was Yijo. Then the government organization of Yijo operated in the same way from June 22 in the 16th year of Taejong(1426) until the 9th year of Sejong. Then the government organization of Yijo was in the order of Panseo(1 person)-Champan(1)-Chameui(1)-Jeongrang(3)-Gwarang(3).
In addition, the term of Gocheop(故牒) shown in the body of the document indicated that this document was Cheop-sik-mun-seo(document in letter format). Finally, the preface of the Cheop-sik-mun-seo in Chosun Dynasty was in “Yijocheop(Yijo letter format)” when we looked at Bong-jak-cheop(investure with the tiles of nobility) of the appointment for Lee Hwa-sang’s widowed Lee in the accession year of Jeongjong(1398). This indicated that <Chu-jeung-cheop> was a similar form as well. Taken all these things together, we can restore <Chu-jeung-cheop> as follows:Korea’s archive science(old documents and studies) is still evolving. Despite continuous accumulation of data in relation to the documents in Chosun Dynasty, research performance isn’t noticeable. I hope many attempts like the restoration of Giljae’s <Chu-jeung-cheop> will continue.

참고자료

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