소련의 해체, 클리오의 새로운 모습 －현실사회주의 몰락 후 러시아 역사학의 동향－ (New Aspects of Post-Soviet Russian Historiography: Some Considerations)

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· 저자명 : 한정숙

초록

This article tries to survey new trends of historical studies in the post-Soviet Russia. The collapse of Soviet Union opened a new horizon of historical studies for Russian scholars. There were factors that encouraged intellectual challenge for historical studies opening of archives and the abolition of the party line which in the past compelled only narrowly defined research themes and interpretations of historical scholarship.
Russian historians proved themselves as flexible and receptive of new academic trends. Books on Soviet history by Western authors have been translated into Russian so that they have influence on the studies of Russian scholars. After the opening of archives compilation of historical materials on Soviet period is going very actively.
Compilations deal mainly with history of political parties of the pre-revolutionary period and history of Stalin period though there are exceptions.
In the theory and methodology of history, Medushevskaya’s Theory and Methodology of Cognitive History(Moscow, 2008) shows a good example of an elder historian who, after the devastating debacle of a system of value and Weltanschauung, tries to formulate an integrating theory of history.
As far as post-Soviet interpretations of Soviet history are concerned,change of tide is conspicuous. The wide spectrum of streams denies a rapid generalization. Volkogonov, who during the Perestroika period highly eulogized Lenin, changed his tune after the collapse of Soviet Union and sharply criticized the founder of Soviet Union. Another expert on Lenin, Loginov on the other hand does not want to convict his protagonist according to criteria of totalitarianism and rather gives products of very scrupulous lecture of every possible source on the outward circumstances and personal factors surrounding him.
Leftist groups also do not keep silence. They hold international conferences, publish books and try to offer a socialist alternative by reinterpreting Lenin’s theory and practice with new perspective which considers intellectual trends of the 21th century.
Regarding Stalinism and Stalin period, the new generation of Russian historians immerse themselves less with ideological controversies or angel/devil dichotomy but are devoted to more neutral-minded search of explanatory framework of middle level. Their approach is closer to the Western revisionist model of Soviet history. Khlevniuk and Osokina are, among scholars of their generation, most productive and successful authors on Stalin period. Roy Medvedev’s detailed description on the last period of Soviet Union shows the author's critical view on Perestroika and its architect Gorbachev, though the former Soviet dissident historian did not lose his warm attitude toward socialism and the perished Soviet society.
Though Post-Soviet Russian historiography has not produced till now very impressive new grand theories of history or interpretations of Russian Revolution/Stalinism, sincere research products are seeing light nowadays. These works will contribute to the deepening of historical understanding.

영어초록

This article tries to survey new trends of historical studies in the post-Soviet Russia. The collapse of Soviet Union opened a new horizon of historical studies for Russian scholars. There were factors that encouraged intellectual challenge for historical studies opening of archives and the abolition of the party line which in the past compelled only narrowly defined research themes and interpretations of historical scholarship.
Russian historians proved themselves as flexible and receptive of new academic trends. Books on Soviet history by Western authors have been translated into Russian so that they have influence on the studies of Russian scholars. After the opening of archives compilation of historical materials on Soviet period is going very actively.
Compilations deal mainly with history of political parties of the pre-revolutionary period and history of Stalin period though there are exceptions.
In the theory and methodology of history, Medushevskaya’s Theory and Methodology of Cognitive History(Moscow, 2008) shows a good example of an elder historian who, after the devastating debacle of a system of value and Weltanschauung, tries to formulate an integrating theory of history.
As far as post-Soviet interpretations of Soviet history are concerned,change of tide is conspicuous. The wide spectrum of streams denies a rapid generalization. Volkogonov, who during the Perestroika period highly eulogized Lenin, changed his tune after the collapse of Soviet Union and sharply criticized the founder of Soviet Union. Another expert on Lenin, Loginov on the other hand does not want to convict his protagonist according to criteria of totalitarianism and rather gives products of very scrupulous lecture of every possible source on the outward circumstances and personal factors surrounding him.
Leftist groups also do not keep silence. They hold international conferences, publish books and try to offer a socialist alternative by reinterpreting Lenin’s theory and practice with new perspective which considers intellectual trends of the 21th century.
Regarding Stalinism and Stalin period, the new generation of Russian historians immerse themselves less with ideological controversies or angel/devil dichotomy but are devoted to more neutral-minded search of explanatory framework of middle level. Their approach is closer to the Western revisionist model of Soviet history. Khlevniuk and Osokina are, among scholars of their generation, most productive and successful authors on Stalin period. Roy Medvedev’s detailed description on the last period of Soviet Union shows the author's critical view on Perestroika and its architect Gorbachev, though the former Soviet dissident historian did not lose his warm attitude toward socialism and the perished Soviet society.
Though Post-Soviet Russian historiography has not produced till now very impressive new grand theories of history or interpretations of Russian Revolution/Stalinism, sincere research products are seeing light nowadays. These works will contribute to the deepening of historical understanding.

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