뻬뜨루셉스까야의 ‘새로운’ 로빈슨과 걸리버 (Ljudmila Petrushevskaja’s ‘new’ Robinson and Gulliver)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 외국문학연구 / 40호 / 205 ~ 230페이지
· 저자명 : 이수연

초록

본 논문은 다니엘 디포의 『로빈슨 크루소』와 조나단 스위프트의 『걸리버 여행기』의 명시적 차용을 보여주는 뻬뜨루셉스까야의 단편, 「새로운 로빈슨 가족」과 「새로운 걸리버」를 패러디 이론을 토대로 분석하였다. 분석의 초점은 두 작품에 나타난 패러디의 궁극적 목적, 즉, 패러디를 통해 구현된 시학적 의미에 맞추어져 있다. 먼저 Ⅱ장에서는 본 연구의 선결조건으로서 필자가 주목하는 패러디의 개념과 기능을 간략하게 요약하였고, Ⅲ장에서는 다니엘 디포의 크루소에게 부여된 ‘위대한 개인’의 신화성을 가지고 크루소가 열망했던 문명세계를 탈주하려는 ‘새로운’ 로빈슨의 형상을 고찰함으로써 현대사회에 대한 작가의 비판의식을 고찰하였다. Ⅳ장에서는 「새로운 걸리버」가 「새로운 로빈슨 가족」에서 시도된 문명세계에 대한 비판을 풍자의 고전이라 일컬어지는 『걸리버 여행기』의 풍자기법을 활용해 반복하고 있음을 고찰하였다. 결론으로서 본 논문은 분석된 두 작품은 원전의 가치를 효과적으로 활용하는 동시에 ‘전복 형태로 이루어지는 미학적 인용’을 통해 그 지평을 넓힘으로써 현대문명사회에 대한 비판적 시각을 예술적으로 승화시키는 작가의 패러디적 전략의 진수를 보여준 작품임을 밝히고 있다.

영어초록

This study analyzed two short stories titled The New Robinsons and The New Gulliver, which directly show Ljudmila Petrushevskaja’s creative characteristic of deliberately revealing diverse writers’ traces. The focus of analysis was on how is being parodied 『Robinson Crusoe』and The Guliver’s Travles that two works were written in the similar period, and on what the poetic characteristic of being implemented is through its parody.
The common theme, which was implemented in two works through parody can be summarized into criticism on modern civilized world. First of all, in The New Robinsons, it performs sharp criticism on modern society, which was scattered with oppression and exploitation, through ‘new’ Robinsons with the aim of perfectly escaping from the civilized world that Crusoe in the original had desired eagerly. The modern society, which is criticized by a writer, is the world over which Crusoe’s descendants, namely, ‘They’ reign as a leader. This is a result that did newly read Crusoe as a typical model of capitalism and imperialism of having pursued economic benefit based on reasonable rationality, with rejecting universality of mythical value in ‘great individual,’ which was given to Crusoe in the original.
The criticism on civilized world, which was made by Crusoe’s descendants, is repeated even in The New Gulliver. In this work, a writer designates small human beings, who proceed with newly acquiring new technology day by day and with having a ruler’s stature, as ‘Lilliput,’ thereby fully utilizing satirical technique through physical comparison that was shown in the original. An effect of satire is overlapped the shape of small human beings and the shape of Crusoe, thereby leading to criticism on Crusoe and the civilized world to which he had pointed. In addition, the dichotomous device in a giant and a little man is expanded into a motive of philosophical reason related to essence of life. Due to this, the relativity of human existence is imprinted. Instability in the modern civilized society, which was achieved by a human being, is being emerged.
In conclusion, Ljudmila Petrushevskaja’s The New Robinsons and The New Gulliver can be said to be the valuable works, which artistically sublimated critical sight on the modern civilized society, through ‘aesthetic quotation that is made in the form of overturn.’

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